Accurate cellular localization plays a crucial role in the effective function of most signaling proteins, and nuclear trafficking is central to the function of transcription factors. IFN regulatory factor (IRF)3 is a master transcription factor responsible for the induction of type I IFN, which plays a crucial role in host antiviral innate immune responses. However, the mechanisms for control a...

this paper analyzes the effects ofexchange policies on iran,s foreign trade, by applying new econometric techniques. in assessing the impacts of depreciation of the national currency on macroeconomic variable, the real rather than nominal exchange rate has been determined to be more appropriate criterion to demonstrate the success or failure ofthe adopted policies. during the period under the s...

Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles that play a central role in energy metabolism. Owing to the life-essential functions of these organelles, mitochondrial content, quality and dynamics are tightly controlled. Across the species, highly conserved ATP-dependent proteases prevent malfunction of mitochondria through versatile activities. This study focuses on a molecular function of the pl...

Fidelity in DNA replication and repair requires adequate and balanced deoxyribonucleotide pools that are maintained primarily by regulation of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). RNR is controlled via transcription, protein inhibitor association, and subcellular localization of its two subunits, R1 and R2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sml1 binds R1 and inhibits its activity, while Schizosaccharomyces p...

Ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic systems underlie many processes, including the cell cycle, cell differentiation and responses to stress. One such system is the N-end rule pathway, which targets proteins bearing destabilizing N-terminal residues. Here we report that Ubr1p, the main recognition component of this pathway, regulates peptide import in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae through degra...

Much has been written about security and provenance. Although both have their own large areas of concern, there is a very significant intersection. One is often brought to bear upon the other, in the study of the security of provenance. We discuss through a series of examples how provenance might be regarded as a security control in its own right. We argue that a risk-based approach to provenan...