PURPOSE Resistance to anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab is a relevant issue in breast cancer patients. Among the mechanisms implicated in trastuzumab resistance, increasing evidence supports a role of tumor microenvironment. We previously found that a novel toll-like receptor 9 agonist, referred to as immune modulatory oligonucleotide (IMO) and currently under clinical investigation, ac...

A newly developed compound derived by fermentation, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), was hypothesized to enrich cecal bifidobacterial populations and reduce colonization levels of Salmonella in the ceca of broiler chickens. Broiler starter diets were prepared with final IMO concentrations of 1% (wt/wt), 2% (wt/wt), and 4% (wt/wt) and a control diet without IMO supplementation. Chickens were divid...

Malaria in pregnancy jeopardizes the outcome of pregnancy, affecting both the mother and the foetus. The prevalence of placental malaria in women, who routinely attended ante-natal clinics in Owerri, south-eastern Nigeria, was assessed using three hospitals between March 2004 and August 2005. Placental blood was collected in EDTA bottles from incisions made on cleaned basal plate of the placent...

Computer Managed Instruction(CMI) is a Computer Software whose primary purpose is teaching or self learning.This paper was motivated by the fact that Imo State University is under pressure to deliver an efficient and effective teaching process but constraints on staffing with increasing number of students have brought about unfavourable situations in most departments such that problem solving l...

This set of notes on number theory was originally written in 1995 for students at the IMO level. It covers the basic background material that an IMO student should be familiar with. This text is meant to be a reference, and not a replacement but rather a supplement to a number theory textbook; several are given at the back. Proofs are given when appropriate, or when they illustrate some insight...

The effect of previous exposure to stress on the pituitary-adrenal response to a further stress was characterized in rats with different glucocorticoid status: sham-operated rats (Sham), adrenalectomized (ADX) rats, and ADX rats supplemented with a low corticosterone (B) dose in the drinking saline (ADX + B). Previous exposure of Sham rats to 1 h of immobilization (Imo) reduced, 2 h later, the ...

In inflammatory autoimmune diseases, bone loss is frequent. In most cases, secondary osteoporosis is caused by treatment with systemic glucocorticoid. However, the pathogenesis behind the bone loss is presumed multifactorial. We aimed to elucidate the role of the P2X7 receptor on bone mineral density (BMD), microarchitecture, and bone strength in a standardized mouse model of inflammation-media...

Some eight years ago, I described in [33, 34] the International Mathematical Olympiad (usually abbreviated as IMO) from the perspective of the jury consisting of all team leaders, who select and translate the problems, grade the submitted work, and establish the final results. That NAW article closed with the words: “I think it would be an excellent challenge to bring the IMO to the Netherlands...