Microelements are essential for the function of innate immune system. A deficiency in zinc or copper results an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections.

introduction bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccine, a live attenuated mycobacterium bovis strain, is administrated to all newborn infants in endemic regions according to the current world health organization (who) recommendation. case presentation we report a 10-month-boy who was a known case of severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) admitted with multi-focal fusiform painful swelling in his ...

The defense of the respiratory system against infection involves a complex interplay of the humoral immune system and the cellular immune system with complement and phagocytic cells. The respiratory tract is an important portal of entry for infection, and it is therefore not surprising that many immune deficiencies present initially with a respiratory infection. Thus, pediatric pulmonologists m...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic demyelinating disease and also is one of the most common disabling neurological disorders in young and middle-aged adults. the main pathogenesis of ms has long been thought to be an immune mediated disorder of the central nervous system. the function of the immune system is under the influence of vitamin d which as a modulator of immune response could play a...

severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) represents a rare group of primary immunodeficiency disorders (pids), with known or unknown genetic alterations. here, we report a new interleukin 2 receptor, gamma chain (il-2rg) mutation in an iranian scid newborn.the patient was a 6-day old boy with a family history of pid. the child was screened using a molecular-based analysis for the assessment of t...

Visceral candidiasis in 56 patients, 39 of whom were thought to be immune deficient, was investigated using three serological detection methods--whole cell agglutination, haemagglutination, and counterimmunoelectrophoresis for antibodies; two determinations of circulating antigens--haemagglutination inhibition and latex agglutination; and determination of the arabinitol:creatinine ratio. Of the...