each society requires a kind of management according to its structure and attainment of the goals it has been planned for. the idea of management is not new. long time ago, human had noticed the necessity of using all the facilities and leading them towards scheduled ideals. the kind of managing and leading the society depends on the cultural structure of it. so the way of management and intern...

quranic knowledge and injunctions can be explained and understood in three levels, and its full grasp will not be possible without considering the prophet¨s interpretation of the qur'an. it is necessary for an interpreter of the qur'an to have access to the prophet¨s interpretation. that is why imam ali, the rightful successor of the prophet, is regarded as the second interpreter or, ...

one of the thinkers¨ demands for governments is to take due care of the social rights of citizens thus far. no doubt, imam `ali (a.s.), as a muslim ruler, concentrated on maintaining man¨s rights both in theory and in practice. this article refers to the relationship between the right and the duty from imam ali¨s viewpoint, studies the foundations of man¨s rights and duties and discusses imam a...

abstract as literary texts have different layers, they are open to various political, social and cultural interpretations and readings. the main purpose of orators is to persuade their audience.thus, orators must be familiar with intra-textual factors (residing inside language) and situational factors (residing outside language), such as social, political, and cultural factors, in order to be a...

all of the major branches of islamic mysticism, ‘irfān, refer to imam ‘ali (‘a) as a major source for their teachings and practices. hence, we begin with a review of how the mystics viewed imam ‘ali (‘a). after this we consider some controversies about the nature of ‘irfān and its relationship to sufism, for the terms have been used in different ways. then we turn to the sources on the basis of...

undoubtedly the founder of any knowledge is who laid the cornerstone of that. on the base of many narratives, imam ali (as) is the founder of arabic grammar who directed abul asvad addoali to expand arabic grammar. but some of modern scholars imitated some orientalists and on the base of a few narratives denied that the founder of arabic grammar is imam ali (as). they also refused to accept the...

BACKGROUND Regardless of numerous advances in surgical techniques, selection of the best technique to sew up wounds and the best suture material are still controversial. Several postoperative complications, including wound infection, stitched wound, chronic incision pain, wound dehiscence and hernia stitches result from many factors such as used suture material. OBJECTIVES The aim of the pres...