Abstract This article argues that the Mongol empire's famous religious tolerance cannot be explained solely through its adoption of Inner Asian imperial political traditions ruling over ethnically and religiously diverse subjects. Instead, this pluralism can ascribed to a wider pattern Mongols. The first part analytical category immanentist religions explains not only inter-cultic transparency ...

Bodies and glazes of tiles from the Ilkhanid period found at UNESCO World Heritage site Takht-e Soleyman were studied to identify materials certain technical characteristics architectural ceramics as part a larger project establish different productions. In addition, ceramic vessels excavated analysed for comparison. µXRF, SEM/EDX, Raman spectroscopy used material investigations. Qualitative no...

proper opportunity of the city of genoa, its cooperation during the crusades, and the evolution in the terms of trade organization and practices at the same time that mongol empire was establishing, formed a new round of intercontinental trade . the importance of commerce for the mongol continued as a tradition in ilkhanids. genoese commercial presence in eastern ports and the black sea and als...

Architecture is not only a complex including materials and methods to provide a shelter for human beings, but also it is an expression of the society, which created that. Its form will be the reflection of values and religious orientation besides social maturity of the related society and its structure will narrate the nature, power and different dimensions of mythical and psychological aspects...