The development and optimization of biomimetic surfaces required for biosensors and medical assays are made more efficient by quantitatively monitoring the surface chemical reactions in situ by means of attenuated total reflection (ATR) FTIR spectroscopy. single-beam-sample-reference (SBSR) ATR, as well as modulated excitation (ME), techniques have been applied to get physicochemical informatio...

the study was carried out in the ilam oak forest that is located in the west part of iran. the objective of this research was to determine the plant ecological groups and site classification in this region. data were collected from 117 sample plots using the systematic-random sampling method. the size of sampling plots was 20 m?20 m for the tree and shrub species and 1.5 m ?1.5 m for herbaceous...

where αu models the birth of the prey, βuv models death of the prey by being captured by predators, ρβuv models the rate of birth of the predators (which depends on how many prey are captured), and γv models the death of the predators. The basic model exhibits solutions which have periodic oscillating predator and prey populations. There is one non-trivial steady-state which is a center which i...

[1] Large spatial and temporal variations in stream total organic carbon (TOC) concentration and export occurred during an 11-year observation period (1993–2003) in a boreal headwater catchment. TOC flux and concentration patterns from mireand forestdominated subcatchments differed (mean annual flux 8.2 g m 2 a 1 versus 5.8 g m 2 a ). Temporal variations in stream TOC concentrations in both lan...

Background Labeled noise reduction (NR) data presented by manufacturers are considered one of the main challenging issues for occupational experts in employing hearing protection devices (HPDs). This study aimed to determine the actual NR data of typical HPDs using the objective fit testing method with a microphone in real ear (MIRE) method. Methods Five available commercially earmuff protect...