The European Union regulations require safety and health protection of workers who are potentially at risk from explosive atmosphere areas. According to the requirements, the operators of installations where potentially explosive atmosphere can occur are obliged to produce an explosion protection document. The key objective of this document is the assessment of explosion risks. This paper is co...

Ignition is the initial stage of burning the materials. The consequent flame spread over the materials, heat release rate, fire spread across the rooms, and other issues for building fires all depend on that. Numerous studies on the ignition of cellulose materials, especially wood, were reported in the literature. There are smoldering or glowing ignition (self-heating ignition) and flaming igni...

-Theoretical and experimental studies dealing with the spray ignition phenomena are reviewed. Two major topics covered are external-source ignition of liquid fuel sprays and spontaneous spray ignition. Experimental and theoretical investigations of external-source ignition of sprays employing different configurations are discussed first. Three major topics included here are: (i) ignition of qui...

Main Features »Suitable for 2-stroke, older 4-stroke and performance engines (racing). »Multiple spark output (see Table1). »Operates on reluctor, points or Hall effect signals. »Two points inputs for twin coil engines. »Usable to beyond 1000 sparks/second (equals 15,000 RPM for a V8). »Regulated 300V supply for consistent spark energy. »High frequency operation eliminates audible oscillator no...

Automotive ignition system diagnostic procedures involve a specific kind of action due to the presence of high voltage pulses rated of roughly several dozen kilovolts. Therefore, the repairers employed at car service coming into direct contact with electrical equipment of ignition systems are exposed to risk of electric shock. Typically, the electric discharge energy of automotive ignition syst...

In order to directly control the premixed combustion phasing, a Jet Controlled Compression Ignition (JCCI) for diesel premixed compression ignition systems is investigated. Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder natural aspirated diesel engine without EGR at 3000 rpm. Numerical models were validated by load sweep experiments at fixed spark timing. Detailed combustion characteristics we...

This computational study is motivated by recent experiments on large-scale cookoff in a confined annular geometry, where the explosive charge is heated carefully so as to produce, nominally, a uniform radial thermal gradient. In the absence of circumferential asymmetry a circular wave of explosion would traverse the charge from the hot outer boundary to the cold inner boundary. In practice, how...

Recent progress on fast ignition (FI) enables us to design an IFE power plant with a 1MJ-class, compact laser whose output energy is 1/4 of previous central ignition scheme. Basing on the FI scheme, we conceptually designed a laser fusion power plant driven with cooled-Yb:YAG, ceramic lasers. In this design activity, we newly evaluated the gain curve for FI basing on latest simulation code. Coo...

C3F7H (FM-200) has recently been introduced as an alternative for Halon 1301 (CF3Br) fire suppression agent. In this paper, as part of an effort to study the effects of C3F7H on high temperature ignition of gaseous fuels, we are expanding on our earlier evaluations of ignition inhibition characteristics of C3F7H. Of particular interest is a better or improved understanding of the fundamental me...