PURPOSE Local transdermal therapy to the breast may achieve effective target-organ drug delivery, while diminishing systemic effects. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial comparing transdermal 4-hydroxytamoxifen gel (4-OHT) to oral tamoxifen (oral-T) in women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). METHODS Twenty-seven pre- and postmenopausal women were ran...

Cervical cancer is a multi-stage disease caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV) infection of cervical epithelial cells, but the mechanisms regulating disease progression are not clearly defined. Using 3-dimensional organotypic cultures, we demonstrate that HPV16 E6 and E7 proteins alter the secretome of primary human keratinocytes resulting in local epithelial invasion. Mechanistically, absence...

The predominant pattern of follicle development in pigs is characterized by continuous activation, slow growth to the antral stage, and rapid growth to 4 to 5 mm followed by atresia. The only time that this pattern is broken is when a small portion of the follicle population is selected for ovulation. The mechanisms that regulate the selection of ovulatory follicles are not well understood. How...

Somatotrophins are proteins secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulate growth, cell regeneration and reproduction in humans and animals. Most anabolic and growthpromoting effects of somatotrophins are mediated through insulin-like growth factor-I (IGFI). Bovine somatotrophins (bSTs) produced by recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) techniques (rbSTs) are used in lactating dairy c...

Received 21 March 1995 Revised version accepted for publication 2 June 1995 Abstract The fragile X syndrome, which often presents in childhood with overgrowth, may in some cases show some diagnostic overlap with classical Sotos syndrome. We describe four fragile X patients with general overgrowth, all ofwhom are from families with other affected relatives who show the classic Martin-Bell phenot...

Age-related muscle wasting and increased frailty are major socioeconomic as well as medical problems. In the quest to extend quality of life it is important to increase the strength of elderly people sufficiently so they can carry out everyday tasks and to prevent them falling and breaking bones that are brittle due to osteoporosis. Muscles generate the mechanical strain that contributes to the...

The somatotropic axis plays a key role in proliferation and differentiation of avian organs during both preand posthatching periods. This review discusses the complexity of regulation of the endocrine system for chicken development and growth by growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and IGF binding protein (IGFBP). In addition, the thyrotropic axis, including thyrotropin-releas...