Interval Duration Logic, (IDL), is a dense time logic for specifying properties of real-time systems. Its validity is undecidable. A corresponding discrete-time logic QDDC has decidable validity. In this paper, we consider a reduction of IDL validity question to QDDC validity using notions of digitization. A new notion of Strong Closure under Inverse Digitization, SCID, is proposed. It is shown...

Patients with chronic renal failure often show accumulation of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL). Because recent studies have emphasized the atherogenicity of IDL in the general population, we evaluated the relationship between this lipoprotein and aortic atherosclerosis in uremic patients treated with hemodialysis. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as a noninvasive index of sc...

A rich dense-time logic called Interval Duration Logic(IDL) is useful for specifying quantitative properties of timed systems. The logic is undecidable in general. However, several approaches can be used for checking validity (and model checking) of IDL formulae in practice. In this paper, we propose bounded validity checking of IDL formulae by polynomially reducing this to finding un-satisfyin...

BACKGROUND Indirect laryngoscopy (IDL) is often performed prior to thyroid surgery to detect pre-existing vocal cord pathology. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 201 patients undergoing thyroid surgery at the Prince of Wales Hospital was undertaken in order to study the patterns of pre-operative and postoperative voice changes and IDL findings. RESULTS A total of 9% of patients had pr...

framework for powerset semantics. We now cast the powerset semantics in our general relation-based framework, which enables us to establish when naı̈ve evaluation works for it. For a set D of database objects and a set C of complete objects, we have a pairR “ pRval,Rsemq of relations withRval Ď Dˆ2 C andRsem Ď 2 ˆC. The first relation corresponds to applying multiple valuations (e.g., relating D...

Introduction The development of high-quality physical education curriculums is required in the information age. Interdisciplinary literacy and student learning behavior are two significant factors that affect quality teaching learning. This study explores relationship between interdisciplinary (IDL) effects (LE) among Chinese college students during COVID-19 pandemic, as well mediating online b...

Objective: Increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes is linked to elevated levels triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants. The metabolic effects PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9) inhibitors on this dyslipidemia were investigated using stable-isotope-labeled tracers. Approach Results: Triglyceride transport the metabolism a...

Interface definition languages serve to specify module and interface names, as well as opemtion signatures. However, IDLs lack means to express aspects, such as synchronization constraints, preand post conditions, invariants, quality of service annotations, and real-time annotations. We develop a framework to specify the interface definition language and a given IDL extension in a combined mode...

A widely used middleware for Internet based distributed systems is CORBA where interfaces are described with IDL. TTCN is used as a standardised test description language in the telecommunication area. The current version of TTCN, version 3, is among others designed to test CORBA based systems. This requires a mapping of IDL to TTCN-3 and therefore, a new mapping for TTCN-3 in contrast to the e...

A new short interspersed element (SINE) was isolated from the genome of desert kangaroo rat (Dipodomys deserti) using single-primer PCR. This SINE consists of two monomers: the left monomer (IDL) resembles rodent ID element and other tRNAAla(CGC)-derived SINEs, whereas the right one (Geo) shows no similarity with known SINE sequences. PCR and hybridization analyses demonstrated that IDL-Geo SIN...