The Kaiser Family Foundation is an independent, national health philanthropy dedicated to providing information and analysis on health issues to policymakers, the media, and the general public. The Foundation is not associated with Kaiser Permanente or Kaiser Industries. The Kaiser Family Foundation is an independent, national health philanthropy dedicated to providing information and analysis ...

Various treatments capable of increasing the complete recovery rate of Swiss mice from growth of the solid tumor, Sarcoma 180, have been reported. In the present experiments 4 chemotherapeutic agents of diverse chemical type—6-mercaptopurmne, actinogan, phleomycin, and zymosan—as well as a pyridoxine-deficient diet, were tested for ability to promote regression of S-180 in Swiss Ha/ICR or D...

The dynamics of the renal lymphatic circulation in diabetic nephropathy is not fully elucidated. The present study evaluated the effect of diabetic nephropathy on the renal lymphatic circulation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice (ICR-STZ) and in type 2 diabetic KK/Ta mice which were fed a high fat diet (KK/Ta-HF). The diabetic mouse kidneys developed edema because of the neph...

Individuals of all ages extract structure from the sequences of patterns they encounter in their environment, an ability that is at the very heart of cognition. Exactly what underlies this ability has been the subject of much debate over the years. A novel mechanism, implicit chunk recognition (ICR), is proposed for sequence segmentation and chunk extraction. The mechanism relies on the recogni...

Type 1 diabetes, a multifactorial disease involving genetic and environmental factors, results from the destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. The maternal environment has been suggested to be important in the development of diabetes. To assess the role of maternal factors in the development of insulitis and overt diabetes, we transplanted pre-implantation stage embryos of nonobese diabetic (NOD...

The influence of morphine dosing time on analgesic effect after acute or chronic treatment, recovery of analgesic effect after once developed tolerance, and their pharmacological mechanisms were investigated in ICR male mice under a 12-h light/dark cycle (light on from 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM). There was a significant 24-h rhythm in the latency of thermal response at 30 min after morphine injection....

Handling stress is a well-recognised source of variation in animal studies that can also compromise the welfare of research animals. To reduce background variation and maximise welfare, methods that minimise handling stress should be developed and used wherever possible. Recent evidence has shown that handling mice by a familiar tunnel that is present in their home cage can minimise anxiety com...

Ultraviolet (UV) light elicits reversions in 12 his frameshifts that also revert in response to ICR191. Reversion also is stimulated by UV in two of four spontaneously revertible, but ICR-negative, frameshifts.

Purpose: To investigate the immunomodulatory and antitumor activities of ligustilide (LIG) extracted from Angelica sinensis in mice. Methods: Normal and tumor-bearing Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were treated p.o. with LIG (5, 20 and 80 mg/kg/day) for 7 days. In normal ICR mice, phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages and serum hemolysin concentration were assessed by chicken red bloo...

Korl:ICR mice, established by the Korean National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NIFDS), are characterized based on their genetic variation, response to gastric injury, and response to constipation inducers. To compare the inhibitory responses of ICR stocks obtained from three different sources to the anticancer drug cisplatin (Cis), alterations in tumor volume, histopathological...