With the exception of Rangell’s seminal work, hypocrisy is conceptualized exclusively in terms of pathological narcissism and/or compromised superego formation. Recent psychoanalytic investigations of shame offer an alternative to this view, elucidating the motives of so-called moral hypocrites (Batson, Kobrynowicz, Dinnerstein, Kampf, & Wilson, 1997) who meet the diagnostic criteria for neithe...