Ice export from the vast Arctic Siberian shelf is calculated using dO values and salinity data for water samples collected during the International Siberian Shelf Study between August and September 2008 (ISSS-08). The samples represent a wide range of salinities and dO values due to river water inputs and sea ice removal. We estimate the fraction of water that has been removed as ice by interpr...

The hydration of polar and apolar groups can be explained quantitatively, via the random network model of water, in terms of differential distortions in first hydration shell water-water hydrogen bonding angle. This method of analyzing solute induced structural distortions of water is applied to study the ice-binding type III thermal hysteresis protein. The analysis reveals subtle but significa...

Potential impacts of lightning-induced plasma on cloud ice formation and precipitation have been a subject of debate for decades. Here, we report on the interaction of laser-generated plasma channels with water and ice clouds observed in a large cloud simulation chamber. Under the conditions of a typical storm cloud, in which ice and supercooled water coexist, no direct influence of the plasma ...

We study the properties of water at the surface of an antifreeze protein with femtosecond surface sum frequency generation spectroscopy. We find clear evidence for the presence of ice-like water layers at the ice-binding site of the protein in aqueous solution at temperatures above the freezing point. Decreasing the temperature to the biological working temperature of the protein (0 °C to -2 °C...

The role of cubic ice, ice Ic, in the nucleation of ice from supercooled water has been widely debated in the past decade. Computer simulations can provide insightful information about the mechanism of ice nucleation at a molecular scale. In this work, we use molecular dynamics to study the competition between ice Ic and hexagonal ice, ice Ih, in the process of ice nucleation. Using a seeding a...

We perform computer simulations of the quasiliquid layer of ice formed at the ice-vapor interface close to the ice Ih-liquid-vapor triple point of water. Our study shows that the two distinct surfaces bounding the film behave at small wavelengths as atomically rough and independent ice-water and water-vapor interfaces. For long wavelengths, however, the two surfaces couple, large scale parallel...

Polythermal ice sheets and glaciers contain both cold ice and temperate ice. We present two new models to describe the temperature and water content of such ice masses, accounting for the possibility of gravityand pressure-driven water drainage according to Darcy’s law. Both models are based on the principle of energy conservation; one additionally invokes the theory of viscous compaction to ca...

An apparatus has been developed to study the nucleation, growth, and morphology of water–ice grains spontaneously generated in a weakly ionized plasma having very cold neutral particles. Nucleation of water–ice grains in the laboratory experiment occurs only when plasma exists but the plasma density is not too high. Nonspherical, fast growth occurs when the mean free path of water molecules exc...

The NMR spectra of finely dispersed ice were investigated. It is shown that the narrow NMR signal from the ice is caused by the mobile water molecules on the ice-gas and iceteflon interfaces. The mobile water phase is in comparatively steady quasi-equilibrium with the strongly defective structure of the bulk ice. The relation of the superficial ice properties with the size of the ice grain is d...

The crystalline state of water ice in the Solar System depends on the temperature history of the ice and the influence of energetic particles to which it has been exposed. We measured the infrared absorption spectra of amorphous and crystalline water ice in the 10-50 K and 10-140 K temperature ranges, respectively, and conducted a systematic experimental study to investigate the amorphization o...