Ice binding proteins (IBPs) are produced by various cold-adapted organisms to protect their body tissues against freeze damage. First discovered in Antarctic fish living in shallow waters, IBPs were later found in insects, microorganisms, and plants. Despite great structural diversity, all IBPs adhere to growing ice crystals, which is essential for their extensive repertoire of biological funct...

The control of ice nucleation and growth is critical in many natural and engineering situations. However, very few compounds are able to interact directly with the surface of ice crystals. Ice-structuring proteins, found in certain fish, plants, and insects, bind to the surface of ice, thereby controlling their growth. We recently revealed the ice-structuring properties of zirconium acetate, wh...

In addition to simple and mixed phase schemes in HDC, a more complex scheme with the inclusion of graupel substance being another prognostic variable is developed. The performance of the scheme will be examined against the Purdue Lin A bulk parameterization of cloud particles and precipitation drops that is primarily based on the works of Lin et al. (1983) and Rutledge and Hobbs (1983) has been...

The aerosol collection efficiencies of water droplets and ice crystals are compared based on the concept of equivalent geometrical kernel K* which is the geometrical sweep-out volume per unit time by the collector. It is thought that the comparison based on this quantity reveals the real difference of the aerosol collecting abilities of different collectors and sheds lights on the precipitation...

Previous calculations (Blyth et al., 2001) predicting that the lightning frequency f is proportional to the product of the downflux p of solid precipitation (graupel) and the mass upflux I of ice crystals, have been subjected to preliminary examination by analyzing data from the STERAO experiment. The analysis has yielded provisional support for this flux hypothesis. The physical reasons for su...

[1] The long-term (1935–1999) monthly records of temperature, precipitation, stream flow, river ice thickness, and active layer depth have been analyzed in this study to examine Lena River hydrologic regime and recent change. Remarkable hydrologic changes have been identified in this study. During the cold season (October–April), significant increases (25–90%) in stream flow and decrease in riv...

The Canadian CloudSat/Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) Validation Project (C3VP) was a field campaign designed to obtain aircraft, surface, and radar observations of clouds and precipitation in support of improving the simulation of snowfall and cold season precipitation, their microphysical processes represented within forecast models, and radiative ...

the electrochemical behaviour of lead electrode in hydrochloride solution containing variousoxo-anions at different concentrations was studied by using of cyclic voltammetry (cv) method.results obtained show that the addition of these inorganic compounds decreases the anodic andcathodic currents peaks according to the following order: h2po4- > hpo42-> so42-. it’s revealedalso that the cathodic ...