Macrophages have been confirmed to play a significant role in the behavior of human lymphomas, albeit no consistent data are so far available canine lymphomas. The present study characterizes macrophages cases nodal lymphoma and their relationship with histological grade immunophenotype. Samples from lymph nodes 25 dogs diagnosed were selected. Immunohistochemistry was used determine tumor immu...

Objective Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) may arise as a result of autonomic dysfunction during seizure. The central networks (CANs) modulate brainstem cardiorespiratory regulation. Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies SUDEP have shown cortical and subcortical volume changes altered connectivity between CAN regions, but the pathological correlate is unknown. Because neuro...

BACKGROUND To determine the effects of inferior alveolar nerve transection (IAN-X) on masticatory movements in freely moving rats and to test if microglial cells in the trigeminal principal sensory nucleus (prV) or motor nucleus (motV) may be involved in modulation of mastication, the effects of microglial cell inhibitor minocycline (MC) on masticatory jaw movements, microglia (Iba1) immunohist...

α-Asarone exhibits a number of pharmacological actions including neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, anticonvulsive, and cognitive enhancing action. The present study investigated the effects of α-asarone on pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA, microglial activation, and neuronal damage in the hippocampus and on learning and memory deficits in systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated C57BL/6 mice. Va...

BACKGROUND To assess the neuroprotective effect of etanercept (Enbrel®) which is a commercialized Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitor on axonal injury in an animal model of acute ischemia. METHODS Acute ischemia was induced by intraocular pressure elevation in 36 rats. The treatment groups underwent subcutaneous injection of etanercept (0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg) three times per week up to 4 wee...

BACKGROUND Diabetes aggravates brain injury after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). OBJECTIVE To investigate whether limb I/R causes cerebral injury in a rat diabetes model and whether glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is involved. METHODS Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into streptozotocin-induced diabetes (n = 30; blood glucose ≥16.7 mmol/L) or control (n = 20) groups, ...

Brain tumour stem cells and microglia both promote the growth of astrocytomas, the commonest form of primary brain tumour, with recent emerging evidence that these cell types may interact in glioma models. It is unclear whether microglia and stem cells are associated in human gliomas. To investigate this question, we used the technique of tissue microarrays to perform a correlative study of a l...