The fidelity of chromosome segregation depends on the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). In the presence of unattached kinetochores, anaphase is delayed when three SAC components (Mad2, Mad3/BubR1, and Bub3) inhibit Cdc20, the activating subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C). We analyzed the role of Cdc20 autoubiquitination in the SAC of budding yeast. Reconstitution with purified c...

With the advent of era artificial intelligence, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has achieved unprecedented success in high-dimensional and large-scale intelligence tasks. However, insecurity instability DRL algorithm have an important impact on its performance. The Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) uses advanced functions to update policy value network alleviate some these problems. SAC still In order ...

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) blocks entry into anaphase until all chromosomes have stably attached to the mitotic spindle through their kinetochores. The checkpoint signal originates from unattached kinetochores, where there is an enrichment of SAC proteins. Whether the enrichment of all SAC proteins is crucial for SAC signaling is unclear. Here, we provide evidence that, in fission ye...

S-Allyl-L-cysteine (SAC), a component of garlic and a metabolite of allyl halides, is a known substrate for multiple flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs). In the current study, we characterize the in vivo SAC metabolism by investigating the presence of SAC, N-acetyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine (NASAC), and their corresponding sulfoxides in the urine of rats given SAC (200 or 400 mg/kg i.p.). In some ...

OBJECTIVES (1) To study the prevalence and characteristics of large endolymphatic sac internal compartments on thin-section T2- and T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and to relate these to other large endolymphatic sac magnetic resonance imaging features, and (2) to correlate the compartment imaging features, endolymphatic sac size and labyrinthine anomalies with the patients' clinical a...

To provide an effective method of green aquaculture, the photocatalysts CuO/ZrO2/CB/coal-tar-pitch-SAC, which have visible light sterilization capacity, were successfully fabricated by coating ZrO2 and CuO on surface CB/coal-tar-pitch-SAC. The structures synthesized CuO/ZrO2/CB/coal-tar-pitch-SAC investigated XRD, XPS SEM measurements in detail. It was observed that materials possess obvious he...

Singleton arc consistency (SAC) is a consistency property that is simple to specify and is stronger than arc consistency. Algorithms have already been proposed to enforce SAC, but they have a high time complexity. In this paper, we give a lower bound to the worst-case time complexity of enforcing SAC on binary constraints. We discuss two interesting features of SAC. The first feature leads us t...

OBJECTIVE Na(+) and Cl(-) are dominant ions in the endolymphatic fluid in the endolymphatic sac and are important for volume regulation in the endolymphatic sac. An epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and other Na(+) transporters have been identified in the endolymphatic sac epithelia, and they are involved in the regulation of endolymph. Although the presence of Cl(-) channels in the endolymphati...

Studies suggest that a low level of circulating human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is a risk factor for ischemic injury and coronary artery disease (CAD). Consumption of S-allylcysteine (SAC) is known to prevent CAD. However, the protective effects of SAC on the ischemic injury are not yet clear. In this study, we examined whether SAC could improve blood flow recovery in ischemic tissues...

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) maintains the fidelity of chromosome segregation during mitosis. Nonpathogenic cells lacking the SAC are typically only found in cleavage stage metazoan embryos, which do not acquire functional checkpoints until the mid-blastula transition (MBT). It is unclear how proper SAC function is acquired at the MBT, though several models exist. First, SAC acquisitio...