A system is data-independent with respect to a data type X iff the operations it can perform on values of type X are restricted to just equality testing. The system may also store, input and output values of type X. We study model checking of systems which are data-independent with respect to two distinct type variables X and Y , and may in addition use arrays with indices from X and values fro...

In this work, we present a semantic query optimization technique to improve the efficiency of the evaluation of a subset of SQL:1999 recursive queries. Using datalog notation, we can state our main contribution as an algorithm that builds a program P ′ equivalent to a given program P , when both are applied over a database d satisfying a set of functional dependencies. The input program P is a ...

This paper argues that Old Japanese (eighth century) had split alignment, with nominative-accusative alignment in main clauses and active alignment in nominalized clauses. The main arguments for active alignment in nominalized clause come from ga-marking of active subjects and the distribution oftwo verbal prefixes: /-for active predicates and safor inactive predicates (cf. Yanagida, In: Hasega...

We have examined the role of microbial communities on the surface of submersed macrophytes and in the underlying sediment for nitrification and denitrification in light and dark in NH -enriched microcosm systems using isotope 4 pairing and dilution techniques. Potamogeton pectinatus L. and intact sediment cores were collected in a shallow reservoir receiving treated municipal wastewater and con...

Uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the oceans and the export of carbon into deeper waters via the biological CO2 pump is driven by the production of particulate organic matter (POM). The elemental ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus within POM follow Redfield ratios, suggesting that the concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nutrients decrease during new production correspondin...

In our formal runs, we have experimented with hybrid-term indexing and bigram indexing because hybrid-term indexing is a more distinct type of indexing strategy for better pooling and because bigram indexing usually gives robust (near) good results. We have also used our pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) methods. In the informal runs, we have experimented with our previous re-ranking strategy, ca...