There exist congenital diseases that reduce newborns' potential opportunities. This reduction is sometimes alleviated if the congenital disease is early detected thanks to a newborn screening program. We propose an outcome measurement of newborn screening programs based on the opportunity gains they offer after its implementation. We show that, under plausible assumptions, preferences among the...

We study whether and how peer referrals increase screening, testing, identification of patients with tuberculosis, an infectious disease responsible for over one million deaths annually. In experiment 3,176 at 122 tuberculosis treatment centers in India, we find that small financial incentives raise the probability existing refer prospective screening resulting cost-effective new cases. Incenti...

We study optimal dynamic lockdowns against COVID-19 within a commuting network. Our framework integrates canonical spatial epidemiology and trade models is applied to cities with varying initial viral spread: Seoul, Daegu, the New York City metropolitan area (NYM). Spatial achieve substantially smaller income losses than uniform lockdowns. In NYM Daegu—with large shocks—the lockdown restricts i...

Participants in means-tested programs must periodically document eligibility through a recertification process. If all cases that fail are ineligible, the exact timing of this process should be irrelevant. We find later interview assignments for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), which leave less time to reschedule missed interviews, decrease success by 22 percent. The consequenc...

We study targeted lockdowns in a multigroup SIR model where infection, hospitalization, and fatality rates vary between groups—in particular the “young,” “middle-aged,” “old.” Our enables tractable quantitative analysis of optimal policy. For baseline parameter values for COVID-19 pandemic applied to US, we find that policies differentially targeting risk/age groups significantly outperform uni...

We model optimal e-cigarette regulation and estimate key parameters. Using tax changes scanner data, we relatively elastic demand. A demographic shift-share identification strategy suggests limited substitution between e-cigarettes cigarettes. field a new survey of public health experts who report that vaping is more harmful than previously believed. In our model’s average Monte Carlo simulatio...

Abstract It is commonly known that irresponsible alcohol use can have adverse effects. For some people, it results in health problems, for others productivity loss, and experience the worst possible outcome of misuse – death. This paper estimates effect reduced sales hours on alcohol-attributable mortality (AAM) Estonia. Using novel data from 1997 to 2015, this analyzes policies at both county ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of police officers’ intentions to quit their current department. For this purpose, we analysed US survey data that included a large set of police officers from the Baltimore Police Department in Maryland. Our results indicate that more effective cooperation between units, a higher trust in the work partner (social capital), a higher ...

Neoclassical economic theory rules out systematic errors in consumption choice. According to the basic view, individuals know what they choose. They are able to predict how much utility an activity or a good produces for them now and in the future and they can maximize their utility. This implies that behavior reveals consistent preferences. This approach makes it impossible to detect and under...

Evaluating the Effect of Ownership Status on Hospital Quality: The Key Role of Innovative Procedures Mortality differences between university, non-teaching public and for-profit hospitals are investigated using a French exhaustive administrative dataset on patients admitted for heart attack. Our results show that innovative procedures play a key role in explaining the effect of ownership status...