One of the most important tasks in design and manufacturing of integrated circuits is the testing phase. Distinguishing between faulty and fault free ICs is a difficult task Therefore, simulations are being done for different circuits to identify fault free and faulty circuits. The circuits include analog circuits, digital circuits &mixed signal circuits. Analog circuits like Low pass filter, H...

the risk free rate of return plays a main role in financial economic theory and financial markets. due to prohibition of interest in islamic countries there is no specific financial instrument with risk free rate of return as a criterion for measuring the risk free rate of market. we apply the kalman filter to estimate this variable for financial markets in iran. the technique is based on a sta...

Matching filter (MF)-free digital multiplexed (DFM) single sideband (SSB) OFDM intensity modulation and direct detection (IMDD) dual-channel transmissions of 51.25Gbit/s over 25km SSMFs are experimentally demonstrated. It is shown that both transmission system impairments characteristic variations can only lead to <1dB performance degradations. Compared with the MF-free DFM-based double (DSB) t...

Two inversion formulas for enumerating words in the free monoid by θ-adjacencies are applied in counting pairs of permutations by various statistics. The generating functions obtained involve refinements of bibasic Bessel functions. We further extend the results to finite sequences of permutations. ∗This work is partially supported by EC grant CHRX-CT93-0400 and PRC Maths-Info †Financial suppor...

In this paper we have proposed a highly tunable spectrum sliced photonic microwave band pass transversal filter for microwave and millimeterwave frequency applications. This filter configuration is based on two cascaded Fabry-Perot filters with different free spectral range and a broadband optical source. The high tunability of the filter is achieved by carefully choosing free spectral range of...

Rating agencies claim to look through the cycle when assigning corporate credit ratings, which entails that they are able to separate trend components of default risk from transitory ones. To test whether agencies possess this competence, I take market-based estimates of one-year default probabilities of corporate bond issuers and estimate their long-run trend using the Hodrick-Prescott filter,...

The filter method is a technique for solving nonlinear programming problems. The filter algorithm has two phases in each iteration. The first one reduces a measure of infeasibility, while in the second the objective function value is reduced. In real optimization problems, usually the objective function is not differentiable or its derivatives are unknown. In these cases it becomes essential to...