In a system with hysteresis, the system response lags the excitation [16, 21] — for any excitation [10]. Hysteretic behavior is commonly depicted as loops in graphs (2D plots) of periodic (oscillatory) output vs. periodic input. In rate-dependent hysteresis, the size and shape of the hysteresis loop changes with the rate or frequency of the input. If the loop collapses to a function (e.g., a cu...

The ability to actively control the shape of aerospace structures has spawned the use of shape memory alloy actuators. These actuators can be used for morphing or shape control by modulating their temperature, which is effectively done by applying a voltage difference across their length. Characterization of this temperature–strain relationship is currently done using constitutive models, which...

We have studied the exchange anisotropy of ferromagnetic Fe films grown on antiferromagnetic FeF2 single crystals. The behavior of the hysteresis loops of the Fe above and below the Néel temperature TN of FeF2 indicates a 90° rotation of the ferromagnetic easy axis due to the antiferromagnetic ordering. By examining the Fe hysteresis loops together with the FeF2 susceptibility behavior we infer...

The ability to actively control the shape of aerospace structures has led to the implementation of Shape Memory Alloy actuators. These actuators can be used for morphing or shape control by modulating their temperature, which is effectively done by applying a voltage difference across their length. Characterization of this temperaturestrain relationship is currently done using constitutive mode...

Appendix (Supplementary Material) Appendix A. Experimental quantification of the ratedependence of indentation hysteresis of individual chondrocytes Freshly isolated cells were probed with the nanosized and micron-sized tips at indentation rates of 200nm/s, 500nm/s, 1μm/s, 3μm/s, and 5μm/s. The area enclosed by the hysteresis loop (e.g., Fig. 6) is related to the strain energy dissipated during...

We have experimentally investigated dynamical hysteresis behavior by changing the sweeping frequency of the cavity input field in the optical bistability of rubidium atoms (in a three-level atomic-type configuration) inside an optical cavity. The shape, width (or area), and direction of the hysteresis cycle are sensitive functions of the sweeping frequency for such an optical bistable system.

The melting behavior of Ge nanocrystals embedded within SiO2 is evaluated using in situ transmission electron microscopy. The observed melting-point hysteresis is large (+/-17%) and nearly symmetric about the bulk melting point. This hysteresis is modeled successfully using classical nucleation theory without the need to invoke epitaxy.

Abstract. A PDE system consisting of the momentum balance, mass balance, and energy balance equations for displacement, capillary pressure, and temperature as a model for unsaturated fluid flow in a porous viscoelastoplastic solid is shown to admit a solution under appropriate assumptions on the constitutive behavior. The problem involves two hysteresis operators accounting for plastic and capi...

PURPOSE To develop a method for evaluating viscosity and elasticity of the cornea and to examine the effect that both properties have on hysteresis. METHODS A three-component spring and dashpot model was created in Simulink in Matlab to represent the purely elastic and viscoelastic behavior of the cornea during a measurement using device called an ocular response analyzer (ORA). Values for el...

An experimental study was conducted to investigate static stall hysteresis of a NASA GA(W)-1 airfoil at the chord Reynolds number of Re = 162,000. In addition to mapping the surface pressure distribution around the airfoil, a digital PIV system was used to make detailed flowfield measurements to quantify the occurrence and behavior of laminar boundary layer separation and transition on the airf...