Spontaneous hepatic hemorrhage is a rare condition that may be caused by an underlying hepatic tumor, most commonly hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatic adenoma. A spontaneous rupture of a hepatic metastasis from a gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor is also extremely rare, and the majority of affected patients present with hypovolemic shock or an acute abdomen. In this article, we report the...

Hemoperitoneum with hypovolemic shock from avulsion of a pedunculated leiomyoma is a rare but highly fatal condition that can occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma. We report a case of hemoperitoneum and hypovolemic shock secondary to a bleeding leiomyoma detected via computed tomography (CT) scan in a 39 year old premenopausal, gravida 0 female that presented with abdominal pain and bec...

We present a case of hypovolemic shock accompanied by electrocardiographic changes classically associated with acute myocardial infarction. Prompt therapeutic intervention, which included correction of the hypovolemic shock, resulted in stabilization of the patient's clinical course, increased activities of the cardiac-specific enzymes in serum were not documented. Serial electrophoretic determ...

BACKGROUND The transpulmonary thermal dilution technique has been widely adopted for monitoring cardiac preload and extravascular lung water in critically ill patients. This method assumes intrathoracic blood volume (ITBV) to be a fixed proportion of global end-diastolic volume (GEDV). This study determines the relation between GEDV and ITBV under normovolemic and hypovolemic conditions and qua...

BACKGROUND Recently, our group has proposed a new classification of hypovolemic shock based on the physiological shock marker base deficit (BD). The classification consists of four groups of worsening BD and correlates with the extent of hypovolemic shock in severely injured patients. The aim of this study was to test the applicability of our recently proposed classification of hypovolemic shoc...

BACKGROUND Obstetric hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality, particularly in low-resource settings where women face significant delays in accessing definitive treatment. The Non-pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment (NASG) is a first-aid device to stabilize women in hypovolemic shock secondary to obstetric hemorrhage. Prior studies on the effectiveness of the NASG have suffered from small...

Preventable maternal mortality associated with obstetric hemorrhage is a human tragedy that mainly occurs in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Massive blood loss leads to hypovolemic shock, which decreases blood flow and therefore oxygen to tissues in the heart, lungs, and brain. Women can rapidly develop disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, tissue anoxia, single or multiple organ fai...

1. Describe the basic pathophysiology of shock. 2. Characterize the various causes of shock and recognize their clinical presentations. 3. Discuss the importance of early, goal-directed treatment of shock. 4. Know the guidelines for the type and volume of fluid to be infused initially in hypovolemic or septic shock. 5. Choose the correct drug for the initial management of septic versus cardioge...