The writer’s earlier paper on the mechanism of the cloud-to-ground lightning stroke was based on classical observational data. The report on the last 10 years’ observations of strokes from Monte San Salvatore by Berger and Vogelsanger using improved instrumentation calls for a reassessment of the theory and makes possible a tentative extension t o the intracloud stroke mechanisms. The salient n...

Although many linguists employ a category of ‘realisness’ or ‘reality status’ (Elliott 2001) in descriptive and typological work (e.g. Givón 1995, Palmer 2001), doubts linger regarding its cross-linguistic validity (e.g. Bybee 1998). Skeptics of its validity point to semantic inconsistencies in putative reality status systems and the lack of languages exhibiting an obligatory binary realis/irre...

This paper presents an implementation for an explanationbased theory of argumentation. Instead of referring to attack/support relationships between arguments, as in traditional argumentation theories, we focus on the relation of messages with the space of hypothetical explanations. The consequences of this choice are two-fold. First, attack and support relationships become derivative measures. ...

Antibiotic resistance Staphylococcus aureus strains cause several life threatening infections. New drug treatment options are needed, but are slow to develop because 50% of the S. aureus genome is hypothetical. The goal of this is to aid in the annotation of the S. aureus NCTC 8325 genome by identifying hypothetical proteins related to the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS). The MFS is a broad...

background: stearoyl-coa desaturase (scd) is a key enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids (sfas) to monounsaturated fatty acids (mufas) in fat biosynthesis. despite being crucial for interpreting scds’ roles across species, the evolutionary relationship of scd proteins across species has yet to be elucidated. this study aims to present this evolutionary relationship based on amino acid sequ...