OBJECTIVE To examine whether a range of common strategies used by parents to overcome bedwetting in 7½-year-old children (including lifting, restricting drinks before bedtime, regular daytime toilet trips, rewards, showing displeasure and using protection pants) are effective in reducing the risk of bedwetting at 9½ years. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING General community. PARTIC...

PURPOSE The primary objective of this study was to assess anesthesia residents' opinions and perceptions on wellness/burnout, fatigue, education, and patient safety after the initiation of a reduced call model (16-hour call). METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted at three time points during the 2013-2014 academic year. A web-based questionnaire consisting of 23 questions was electr...

in many area of medical research, a relation analysis between one response variable and some explanatory variables is desirable. regression is the most common tool in this situation. if we have some assumptions for such normality for response variable, we could use it. in this paper we propose a nonparametric regression that does not have normality assumption for response variable and we focus ...

background pancreatic cancer (pc) is classified as one of the most deadly cancers. since the role of diet in modifying the effects of known risk factors of pc has been well established, exploring the dietary intakes in relation to the etiology of pc can be useful for elucidating the mechanisms of the disease progression. methods and materials this study was conducted within the golestan prospec...

conclusions the prevalence of predominant breastfeeding during the first month postpartum is high in shahroud. interventions to strengthen adherence to who guidelines for breastfeeding should be considered. breastfeeding education providers at the hospitals should emphasize the effects of formula on breastfeeding continuation at early postpartum. background the introduction of fluids to infants...

anxiety may negatively affect the course of coronary artery disease (cad). the aim of this study was to assess which factors are associated with anxiety in young adults with cad. a cohort of individuals with premature coronary artery disease was formed between 2004-2011, as the tehran heart center's premature coronary atherosclerosis cohort (thc-pac) study. patients (men≤45-year-old, and women≤...

conclusions due to the scarcity of studies related to some dairy subgroups, it is not possible to make a final judgment about their effects on the risk of diabetes; therefore, more studies need to be conducted on this issue. results out of 1391 articles, 13 (covering 421,421 people) were introduced to the current meta-analysis. the findings showed that the consumption of yoghurt and cream has p...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of menarche before 11 years of age on the incidence of wheezing/asthma in girls 11 to 18 years of age. METHODS The study sample comprised 1,350 girls from a birth cohort that started in 1993 in the urban area of the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil; this cohort was followed until 18 years of age. We assessed wheezing by the question, "Have you ever had wheezin...

BACKGROUND Evidence on the role of cannabis as a gateway drug is inconsistent. We characterise patterns of cannabis use among UK teenagers aged 13-18 years, and assess their influence on problematic substance use at age 21 years. METHODS We used longitudinal latent class analysis to derive trajectories of cannabis use from self-report measures in a UK birth cohort. We investigated (1) factors...

BACKGROUND Excess moisture and visible mold are associated with increased risk of asthma. Only a few studies have performed detailed home visits to characterize the extent and location of moisture damage and mold growth. METHODS Structured home inspections were performed in a birth cohort study when the children were 5 months old (on average). Children (N = 398) were followed up to the age of...