Abstract Background Refractive errors and visual impairment in southernmost China have not been reported previously. We aim to investigate determine the age-specific prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, based on a large population cross-sectional study Hainan area tropical province China. Methods A population-based sample 31,524 children aged 6–15 years from was assessed. Non-cyclopleg...

purpose: to determine the effect of using rigid gas permeable (rgp) contact lenses in improvement of involuntary eye movements and visual functions in hyperopic astigmatism patients with congenital nystagmus. methods: this prospective interventional case series study was conducted on patients with congenital nystagmus and hyperopia equal or more than +0.5 d and astigmatism more than -1 d, who w...

The distribution of refractive errors was followed in chicks from hatching to 8 weeks of age. A dramatic progressive decrease in the variability of refractions was observed over this period. In addition, there appeared to be a parallel decline in hyperopia, even when the artifactual hyperopia of retinoscopy was taken into account. These results are evidence for a postnatal development regulator...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the contribution of axial length, and lenticular and corneal power to the spherical equivalent refractive error in children with hyperopia between 3 and 13 years of age, using noncontact optical biometry. METHODS There were 62 children between 3 and 13 years of age with hyperopia (+2 diopters [D] or more) who underwent automated refraction measurement with cycloplegia, ...

Changes of cycloplegic retinoscopy refraction from 8.5 to 38.5 months of age were compared in two infant groups in the Cambridge population: "infant myopes", having at least one myopic axis (0 to -3.5 D inclusive), and a second, "control" group with low hyperopia (< or = +3.5 D). Cycloplegia eliminated the variable accommodation of infants. The myopic group showed a significant emmetropization ...

Lower order aberrations are another way to describe refractive errors: myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism, correctible with glasses, contact lenses or refractive surgery. Lower order aberrations is a term used in wavefront technology to describe second-order Zernike polynomials. Second-order Zernike terms represent the conventional aberrations defocus (myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism). Lower o...

PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that relative peripheral hyperopia predicts development and progression of myopia. METHODS Refraction along the horizontal visual field was measured under cycloplegia at visual field angles of 0°, ±15°, and ±30° at baseline, 1 and 2 years in over 1700 initially 7-year-old Chinese children, and at baseline and 1 year in over 1000 initially 14-year olds. One refra...

PURPOSE To compare the accuracy of noncycloplegic photorefraction (NCP) with that of cycloplegic refraction (CR) for detecting refractive amblyopia risk factors (RARFs) and to determine cutoff points. METHODS In this diagnostic test study, right eyes of 185 children (aged 1 to 14 years) first underwent NCP using the PlusoptiX SO4 photoscreener followed by CR. Based on CR results, hyperopia (≥...