One of the most widely cited models in time estimation is the “pacemaker-counter clock” which consists of a pacemaker generating pulses and an accumulator in which pulses are stored. The level reached in this accumulator at the end of an interval to be estimated sets the subjective elapsed time. Although this model is able to accurately describe temporal performance, it can nevertheless be cons...

Arsenic is considered as one of the most important environmental contaminant elements. Some plant species can grow in arsenic contaminated soils and they are able to reduce arsenic toxicity. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was conducted on Isatis cappadocica, a newly-discovered As hyperaccumulator. Accordingly, we conducted this experiment to compare the interaction of effect of arsenic ...

Absorption of selenate and selenite by excised roots of Astragalus Crotalariae, a selenium accumulator, and of A. lentiginosus, a non-accumulator, was favored by CaCl(2) and a pH of 4.0. The uptake of selenate and possibly selenite, is metabolically linked. Roots of a number of Astragalus species were examined, and in all cases selenate entered the roots much faster than selenite. In these shor...

Mathematical psychology and systems neuroscience have converged on stochastic accumulator models to explain decision making. We examined saccade decisions in monkeys while neurophysiological recordings were made within their frontal eye field. Accumulator models were tested on how well they fit response probabilities and distributions of response times to make saccades. We connected these model...

Accumulators are used in lots of applications. So they are used as a pressure accumulator for quick energy supply to hold a constant pressure (equalization of leakage), for pulsation damping and as an element of suspension. We can differ between 3 types of accumulators: 1. Diaphragm Accumulator, 2. Piston Accumulator 3. Metal Bellow Accumulator. At applications with high requirements to permeat...

Agricultural lands are gradually being contaminated by heavy metals (HMs) obtained from urbanization and human activities. Lead (Pb) is one of the major easily enters into food cycle causes different health abnormalities. So elimination this dangerous metal surface water crucial in regard phyto-extraction based phytoremediation an environmentally safe procedure. Again, removal process can be am...

This paper denouements the study of operating parameters of a hydraulic transmission system with and without the application of hydraulic accumulator. In this respect, the hydraulic system, designed in the open circuit mode, consists of the fixed displacement hydraulic pump which gives pressured fluid to the hydro-motor and charges the accumulator as well. The load on the motor is controlled hy...

It has recently been shown that accumulators can be used elfciently for test pattem generation as well as for test response compaction. In this paper we present a BIST scheme for accumulators where the accumulator is simultaneously used as a test pattern generator and a response compactor during its own testing. We also show that the proposed BlST scheme is especially suitable for accumulator, ...