Hydroxyurea is an effective com[»undin inhibiting the growth of a transplantable mammary tumor (HMC) in the Fischer rat, the inhibition being dose related and independent of the duration of treatment. Several compounds related to hydroxyurea were tested and compared to the parent compound. 1-Ethyl-lhydroxy urea and 1-methyl-l-hydroxyurea are more effective than hydroxyurea in causing inhibitio...

Hydroxyurea has been shown to potentiate the anti-human immunodeficiency virus activities of 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogs such as didanosine. We have now evaluated in vitro the effect of hydroxyurea on the antiherpesvirus activities of several nucleoside analogs (acyclovir [ACV], ganciclovir [GCV], penciclovir [PCV], lobucavir [LBV], (R)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine [H2G], and...

Hydroxyurea improves hematologic parameters for children with sickle cell disease (SCD), but its long-term efficacy at maximum tolerated dose (MTD) has not been determined. Between 1995 and 2002, hydroxyurea therapy was initiated for 122 pediatric patients with SCD including 106 with homozygous sickle cell anemia (HbSS), 7 with sickle hemoglobin C (HbSC), 7 with sickle/beta-thalassemia (HbS/ be...

Hydroxyurea has been shown to be efficacious for the treatment of sickle cell anemia (SCA), primarily through the induction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF). However, the exact mechanisms by which hydroxyurea can induce HbF remain incompletely defined, although direct transcriptional effects and altered cell cycle kinetics have been proposed. In this study, we investigated potential epigenetic and alt...

BACKGROUND Hydroxyurea is the only approved drug for treatment of sickle cell disease. OBJECTIVE To synthesize the published literature on the efficacy, effectiveness, and toxicity of hydroxyurea when used in adults with sickle cell disease. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, TOXLine, and CINAHL were searched through 30 June 2007. STUDY SELECTION Randomized trials, observational studies, and c...

Treatment of sickle-cell anemia by hydroxyurea has been shown to decrease patient mortality by 40%. In a rate-limiting step, hydroxyurea reacts with hemoglobin to form the nitroxide radical, which then decomposes to yield nitric oxide (NO). In this paper, we examine derivatives of hydroxyurea and their radicals by quantum chemical methods to identify derivatives that generate NO-producing radic...

Hydroxyurea, a drug widely used for treating myeloproliferative diseases, has also been approved for the treatment of sickle cell disease by raising fetal hemoglobin (HbF). We have shown that nitric oxide (NO) and the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) pathways are involved in hydroxyurea induction of HbF levels in erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs). We demonstrate now that during erythroid differen...

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA (SCA) is an inherited red blood disorder characterized by inevitable acute and chronic complications of vaso-occlusion and hemolysis in adults and children. SCA affects millions of people worldwide including 100,000 Americans. The only known preventive therapy for complications of SCA is hydroxyurea, a chemotherapeutic agent that induces fetal hemoglobin (HbF). Data are now a...

The clinical efficacy of hydroxyurea in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) has been well established. However, data about its clinical effectiveness in practice is limited. We evaluated the clinical effectiveness of hydroxyurea in a large pediatric population using a retrospective cohort, pre-post treatment study design to control for disease severity selection bias. The cohort included chi...