background and purpose: occular toxicity is one of the most important complications of hydroxychloroquine. not any type of treatment has so far been found and recommended for this disorder. the purpose of this study was to report some characteristics of patients with hydroxychloroquine induced retinopathy.    materials and methods: from 107 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) and/or systemi...

INTRODUCTION In June 2013, the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology published a report concerning successful treatment of 2 cases of alopecia totalis with hydroxychloroquine. This report was encouraging, as treatment of alopecia totalis is challenging and in most cases unsuccessful. The authors explained their results with the wide range of immunomodulatory effects that are attributed...

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a cutaneous reaction principally induced by drugs. Spontaneous resolution is observed in most patients. However, severe cases required systemic corticosteroid administration. Hydroxychloroquine, which is used to treat some dermatologic and rheumatologic diseases because of its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, is an uncommon ca...

OBJECTIVES Hydroxychloroquine is an antimalarial agent that has been used in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis treatment for many years. Recently, novel mechanisms of action have been proposed, thereby broadening the therapeutic perspective of this medication. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of hydroxychloroquine in T helper 17 (Th17) ...

15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD) is the key enzyme responsible for the metabolic inactivation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) catabolism. PGE2 is one of the predominant catabolic factors involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the expression and regulation of HPGD in RA fibroblast‑like synoviocyte (FLS) remain to be elucidated. Disease‑modifying anti‑rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are ...

BACKGROUND Hydroxychloroquine may result in cutaneous dyschromia. Older individuals who are the victims of elder abuse can present with bruising and resolving ecchymoses. PURPOSE The features of hydroxychloroquine-associated hyperpigmentation are described, the mucosal and skin manifestations of elder abuse are reviewed, and the mucocutaneous mimickers of elder abuse are summarized. CASE RE...

Inflammatory sub-glottic stenosis is a life threatening condition that represents a therapeutic challenge. Recently, hydroxychloroquine has been suggested as one efficient medical treatment option. This report describes the second case of successful treatment of inflammatory sub-glottic stenosis using hydroxychloroquine.

INTRODUCTION Immune thrombocytopenic purpura is thought to be characterized by an immune response against the host's own platelets. If the thrombocytopenia is severe, patients are initially treated with high-dose steroids. Other more toxic second line treatments are considered if steroids fail. Here, we report the case of two patients in whom conventional treatment was unsuccessful but who resp...

OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of hydroxychloroquine and sulphasalazine alone and in combination in rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS A six month randomised, multicentre, double blind trial with three parallel groups was performed. Ninety one outpatients with active rheumatoid arthritis were included. Monthly assessments of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, morning stiffness, number of swollen j...

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of chloroquine (Aralen) phosphate and hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) sulfate in the treatment of patients with neurosarcoidosis who either do not respond to corticosteroid therapy or develop unacceptable side effects. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Sarcoidosis clinic at a university teaching hospital. PATIENTS Twelve patients with biopsy-proved sarcoi...