نتایج جستجو برای: hydraulic failure

تعداد نتایج: 399750  

2004
Juha Järvelä Terhi Helmiö

The physical habitat that controls ecosystem functioning is determined by local hydraulics and channel morphology. Hydraulic field studies were conducted in a boreal stream 1) to test the hypothesis that the local hydraulic conditions are determined by cross-sectional geometry and flow resistance in boreal conditions by analysing the relationship between flow velocities, cross-sectional geometr...

2000
J. J. Jiao A. W. Malone

In this paper an attempt is made to offer insights into local slope failure mechanisms from the perspective of hydrogeology. The hypothesis examined envisages that the hydraulic conductivity distribution in a weathered profile includes a relatively high hydraulic conductivity zone associated with the jointed rock mass near rockhead. There is evidence locally for such a condition. The groundwate...

2000
John S. Sperry

Stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) are often positively correlated with the hydraulic conductance of the soil–leaf continuum (ks–l). Interaction between gs and ks–l helps regulate water potential (9) of leaves. When soil and plant 9 decreases during water stress, ks–l decreases. A well-documented cause of the decrease in ks–l is xylem cavitation. The interaction between k and 9 in ...

Journal: :The New phytologist 2017
Christine Scoffoni Caetano Albuquerque Craig R Brodersen Shatara V Townes Grace P John Hervé Cochard Thomas N Buckley Andrew J McElrone Lawren Sack

Ecosystems worldwide are facing increasingly severe and prolonged droughts during which hydraulic failure from drought-induced embolism can lead to organ or whole plant death. Understanding the determinants of xylem failure across species is especially critical in leaves, the engines of plant growth. If the vulnerability segmentation hypothesis holds within leaves, higher order veins that are m...

Journal: :Plant, cell & environment 2016
Pauline S Bouche Sylvain Delzon Brendan Choat Eric Badel Timothy J Brodribb Regis Burlett Hervé Cochard Katline Charra-Vaskou Bruno Lavigne Shan Li Stefan Mayr Hugh Morris José M Torres-Ruiz Vivian Zufferey Steven Jansen

Plants can be highly segmented organisms with an independently redundant design of organs. In the context of plant hydraulics, leaves may be less embolism resistant than stems, allowing hydraulic failure to be restricted to distal organs that can be readily replaced. We quantified drought-induced embolism in needles and stems of Pinus pinaster using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). H...

2009
Frederick C. Meinzer Daniel M. Johnson Barbara Lachenbruch Katherine A. McCulloh David R. Woodruff

1. The xylem pressure inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity due to embolism (P50) is widely used for comparisons of xylem vulnerability among species and across aridity gradients. However, despite its utility as an index of resistance to catastrophic xylem failure under extreme drought, P50 may have no special physiological relevance in the context of stomatal regulation of daily minimum ...

Journal: :Computers & Geosciences 2013
Jihoon Kim George Moridis

We developed a hydraulic fracturing simulator by coupling a flow simulator to a geomechanics code, namely T+M simulator. Modeling of the vertical fracture development involves continuous updating of the boundary conditions and of the data connectivity, based on the finite element method for geomechanics. The T+M simulator can model the initial fracture development during the hydraulic fracturin...

Journal: :Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering 2008

2002
Balvant Rajani Yehuda Kleiner

Making decisions on the renewal of a water distribution system is essentially a balancing act between system performance and costs. In water distribution systems three types of failure are observed, structural, hydraulic and water quality. Frequencies of these failures together with failure consequences define failure risk. Risk can thus be mitigated by a reduction of failure frequency, i.e., r...

Journal: :International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 2017

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