Several brain sites in the pigeon were identified as maintaining electrical brain self-stimulation. Depending on the site, stimulus currents yielding maximal responding varied from 20 to 160 μA. A high proportion of the sites only yielded self-stimulation behaviour if the subjects were deprived of food; when the birds were at full weight there was only one site at which the stimulation continue...

In the developed world, the hazards associated with obesity have largely outstripped the risk of starvation. Obesity remains a difficult public health issue to address, due in large part to the many disciplines involved. A full understanding requires knowledge in the fields of genetics, endocrinology, psychology, sociology, economics, and public policy - among others. In this short review, whic...

The hunger hormone, ghrelin, is produced not only in response to food deprivation, but also released during various types of stress. In recent years, the rise ghrelin levels has come be seen as an essential component stress response. review devoted ghrelin-dependent mechanisms providing reciprocal interaction between hypothalamuspituitaryadrenal cortex axis and dopaminergic reward system. Direc...

We used positron emission tomography to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 10 healthy volunteers performing a recognition memory task with food and non-food items. The biological salience of the food stimuli was manipulated by requiring subjects to fast before the experiment and eat to satiation at fixed time points during scanning. All subjects showed enhanced recognition of food s...

Psychological and neurobiological evidence implicates hippocampal-dependent memory processes in the control of hunger and food intake. In humans, these have been revealed in the hyperphagia that is associated with amnesia. However, it remains unclear whether 'memory for recent eating' plays a significant role in neurologically intact humans. In this study we isolated the extent to which memory ...

While effects of hunger on motivation and food reward value are well-established, far less is known about the effects of hunger on cognitive processes. Here, we deployed the emotional blink of attention paradigm to investigate the impact of visual food cues on attentional capture under conditions of hunger and satiety. Participants were asked to detect targets which appeared in a rapid visual s...

Our olfactory sense plays an important role in eating behavior by modulating our food preferences and intake. However, hunger or satiety may also influence how we perceive odors. Albeit speculative, contradictory results found in the past may have resulted from confounding by type of meal that participants ate to induce satiety. We aimed to investigate the influence of hunger state on olfactory...

Measuring hunger and satiety in children is essential to many studies of childhood eating behaviour. Few validated measures currently exist that allow children to make accurate and reliable ratings of hunger/satiety. Three studies aimed to validate the use of a new categorical rating scale in the context of estimated and real eating episodes. Forty-seven 6- to 8-year-olds participated in Study ...

BACKGROUND Several studies report that dietary fibre from different sources promotes the feeling of satiety and suppresses hunger. However, results for cereal fibre from rye are essentially lacking. The aim of the present study was to investigate subjective appetite during 8 h after intake of iso-caloric rye bread breakfasts varying in rye dietary fibre composition and content. METHODS The st...

* This manuscript refers to an original piece of research conducted in the surgical service of the General Hospital of Unicamp, validated by peer reviewers from the Laboratory of Clinical–Qualitative Research, Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil, based on doctoral thesis of Ronis Magdaleno Júnior entitled “Life experiences of women submitted to bariatric surgery in General Hospital of Unicamp: a clinical...