The lung is the interface between the environment and the metabolic mechanisms of the body, and plays a pivotal role in exposure to high altitude. In fact, high altitude is a challenge for the human body due to the progressive reduction of barometric pressure and subsequent reduction of oxygen pressure, leading to a series of important physiologic responses that enable individuals to tolerate h...

The lung is the interface between the environment and the metabolic mechanisms of the body, and plays a pivotal role in exposure to high altitude. In fact, high altitude is a challenge for the human body due to the progressive reduction of barometric pressure and subsequent reduction of oxygen pressure, leading to a series of important physiologic responses that enable individuals to tolerate h...

Using TOMS total-ozone measurements over high-altitude cloud locations and nearby paired clear locations, we describe the Clear-Cloudy Pairs (CCP) method for deriving tropical tropospheric ozone. The high-altitude clouds are identified by measured 380 nm reflectivities greater than 80% and Temperature Humidity InfraRed (THIR) measured cloud-top pressures less than 200 hPa. To account for locati...

The fluorescence detection of ultra high energy cosmic rays requires a detailed knowledge of the fluorescence light emission from nitrogen molecules over a wide range of atmospheric parameters, corresponding to altitudes typical of the cosmic ray shower development in the atmosphere. We have studied the temperature and humidity dependence of the fluorescence light spectrum excited by MeV electr...

The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) provides global analyses of atmospheric humidity from the ground to the lower mesosphere. Unlike in the troposphere, in the stratosphere no humidity observations are assimilated. Humidity analyses here are essentially the results of a free-running model constrained by the ECMWF’s analysed wind fields. So far only the broad-scale fea...

The intraseasonal and interannual characteristics and the vertical distribution of atmospheric water vapor from the tropical coastal station Thiruvananthapuram (TVM) located in the southwestern region of the Indian Peninsula are examined from continuous multiyear, multifrequency microwave radiometer profiler (MRP) measurements. The accuracy of MRP for precipitable water vapor (PWV) estimation, ...