Retroviruses can be classified according to the morphology of their virion core or according to sequence homologies that become evident after phylogenetic analyses. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a member of the deltatype retrovirus group, other members of which include HTLV types 2, 3 and 4, bovine leukaemia virus (BLV), and simian T-cell leukaemia virus (STLV) types 1, 2 and 3 ...

Five macaques received two vaccinations consisting of soluble human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I proteins from a cell/serum-free human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I-producing cell line. Five other macaques were vaccine controls. All were challenged with a simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I-producing cell line. The vaccinated macaques generated a strong serological response to challe...

Simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1) strains occasionally infect humans. However, the frequency of such infections is unknown. We show that direct transmission of STLV-1 from nonhuman primates to humans may be responsible for a substantial proportion of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 infections in rural Côte d'Ivoire, where primate hunting is common.

Serological survey for human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) was performed in Shimane Prefecture, Japan, located on the coast of Japan sea. The rates of anti-adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigen-positive sera were 4.2% and 6.9% respectively for males and females. The rate increased with age, particularly in females. From the geographical point of view, the Oki Islands and a very small ...

HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 share broad similarities in their overall genetic organization and expression pattern, but they differ substantially in their pathogenic properties. This review outlines distinctive features of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 that might provide clues to explain their distinct clinical outcomes. Differences in the kinetics of viral mRNA expression, functional properties of the regulatory and...

The discovery of lymphoid B-Iymphotropic herpesvirus-producing cell lines from M. arctoides peripheral lymphocytes (MAL-l) producing their own lymphotropic virus HVMA was reported earlier [1]. Subsequently, two more M. arctoides virus-producing lymphoid cell lines (MAL-2, MAL-3) were discovered in our laboratory. The cells of some baboon lymphoid cultures, parallel with B-Iymphotropic herpesvir...