human t lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) is a retrovirus which is associated with adult t cells leukaemia (atl) and htlv-i-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp) in a minority of htlv-i-infected individuals. it is not clear why a minority of htlv-i-infected individuals develop ham/tsp and majority remains lifelong carriers. it seems that the interaction between the virus...

Serological inspection of Simian T-lymphotropic Virus Type 1 was conducted for a wild colony of Macaca fuscata, which was captured in the middle Honshu, Japan. The increase of positive rate after the juvenile stage with the positive rate reaching 100% (or 35/35) in youngster and adult stages, was observed. This finding suggests that, in contrast with human T-lymphotropic Virus Type 1, horizonta...

HTLV-I is a retrovirus now identified as the etiologic agent of two diverse disease processes: ATLL, an aggressive T-cell malignancy; and TSP/HAM, a chronic progressive myelopathy. Transmission can occur horizontally through blood transfusions, IV drug abuse and sexual intercourse. Vertical transmission may also occur. Available diagnostic modalities are serologic in nature and include the EIA ...

1. Brites C, Oliveira AS, Netto EM. Coinfection with HIV and human T lymphotropic virus type 1: what is the real impact of HIV disease? Clin Infect Dis 2004; 40:329–30 (in this issue). 2. Beilke MA, Theall K, O’Brien M, et al. Clinical outcomes and disease progression among patients coinfected with HIV and human T lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:256–63. 3. Hershow RC,...

introduction genetic background has known to be associated with the outcome of human t cell lymphotropic virus (htlv) type i infection. in the present study we investigate the association between gm-csf gene polymorphisms with the outcome of htlv-i infection. materials and methods we analyzed 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the promter region of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating fa...

Recombinant retroviruses containing the trans activator genes of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) type II and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III were constructed. The trans activator genes tat II and tat III were inserted into the murine retroviral vector pZIPNEOSV(X)1. Recombinant plasmids were transfected into the psi 2 and psi AM packaging cell lines that produce murine leukemia viri...