The family of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) includes more than 130 genotypes, many of which infect the genital tract, and these can be classified as low risk or high risk for induction of genital neoplasia. Two prophylactic vaccines are currently available for the prevention of genital HPV infection: a quadrivalent (Gardasil); Merck & Co. Inc) and a bivalent (Cervarix; GlaxoSmithKline) vaccine....

Cervical cancer is the second largest cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide, and it occurs following persistent infection, sometimes for decades, with a specific subset of human papillomavirus (HPV) types; the approximately 13 oncogenic subtypes. Prophylactic vaccines against HPV infections hold promise for cost-effective reductions in the incidence of cervical cancer, but this may n...

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a highly contagious and prevalent virus that is primarily sexually transmitted. The Gardasil® quadrivalent vaccine, the Cevarix® bivalent vaccine and the Gardasil® 9 nonavalent vaccine were developed to prevent the spread of HPV as well as the incidence of its associated diseases. The aim of this mini-review is to critically analyze the safety and efficacy of b...

BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been shown to be effective for the eradication of HPV and prevention of cervical cancer. However, the number of women who receive HPV vaccinations has decreased over the last several years in Japan, due to concerns about adverse reactions associated with the vaccines. We evaluated the safety of three types of HPV vaccines separately in young w...

Since mid-2006, a licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been available and recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for routine vaccination of adolescent girls at ages 11 or 12 years. Two vaccines that protect against HPV infection are currently available in the United States. Both the quadrivalent (HPV4) and bivalent (HPV2) vaccines protect against HPV t...

Vaccination of adolescent females against Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), the causative agent for cervical cancer has recently become available. As minors, parental acceptance of the vaccines for adolescent daughters requires exploration. This was a cross-sectional survey of 201 mothers attending the gynaecology clinic in a University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria on acceptability of the HPV vaccin...

the effeminacy of three rubella vaccines, hpv/77 ide-5, cendehill-51 and wistar ra/27/3 in conferring immunity against untenanted rubella virus was compared. vaccination resulted in 90-100 percent protection against clinical rubella. intranasal challenge with the untenanted strain of rubella virus resulted in serologic evidence of in apparent reinfection in three of the ten cendehill-51 vaccine...

BACKGROUND Persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prerequisite for the development of cervical cancer. Highly immunogenic HPV vaccines have been developed and licensed for the primary prevention of cervical cancer in some developed and developing countries. This calls for assessment of the knowledge of the HPV infection and the acceptability of the HPV vacc...