following experimental inoculation of 3-week-old turkeys with different titres (106, 104, 103, 102 and 101 egg infectious dose (eid50)) of a/ostrich/italy/984/2000 h7n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv), the selected tissues and organs were examined for pathological changes. tissue samples from different organs that obtained from dead and sacrificed birds were fixed in 10% neutral...

Haptoglobin (Hp) is a mammalian serum glycoprotein showing a genetic polymorphism with three types, 1-1, 2-2 and 1-2. Hp appears to conserve the recycling of heme-iron by forming an essentially irreversible but non-covalent complex with hemoglobin which is released into the plasma by erythrocyte lysis. As an important consequence, Haptoglobin-Hemoglobin complex (Hp-Hb) shows considerable antiox...

Background: Association between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and migraine and the effect of HP eradication on relief of migraine headache have been studied but the results are controversial. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of HP eradication in treatment of patients affected by migraine. Materials and Methods: Eighty consecutive HP infected patients affected by migraine without au...

  Background: Low bone mass is a frequent complication of chronic inflammatory disease. The pathogenesis of osteoporosis in chronic inflammatory disease may be secondary to releases of cytokines such as TNF-a and IL6. Chronic gastritis due to helicobacter pylori (HP) infection may lead to decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and predispose patients to osteoporosis. The objective of this ...

Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 101 clinically healthy Iranian fat-tailed sheep according to their age (5 years) and sex. Serum haptoglobin (Hp) was measured based upon the preservation of the peroxidase activity of haemoglobin, which is directly proportional to the amount of Hp. The reference value for serum Hp of apparently healthy Iranian fat-tailed sheep was 0.05-0.18 ...

Twenty eight lactating buffaloes were used in a completely randomized design with 2×2 factorial arrangement of four experimental diets including low protein–low energy (LP-LE), low protein–high energy (LP-HE), high protein–low energy (HP-LE) and high protein–high energy (HP-HE). Results showed that the HP-HE diet recorded the highest digestibility coefficients of CP, EE, NFE, nutritive values, ...

Emerging H7N9 influenza virus infections in Asia have once more spurred the development of effective prepandemic H7 vaccines. However, many vaccines based on avian influenza viruses--including H7--are poorly immunogenic, as measured by traditional correlates of protection. Here we reevaluated sera from an H7N1 human vaccine trial performed in 2006. We examined cross-reactive antibody responses ...

BACKGROUND In case of influenza pandemic, a robust, easy and clean technique to prepare reassortants would be necessary. OBJECTIVES Using reverse genetics, we prepared two vaccine reassortants (A/H5N1 x PR8 and A/H7N1 x PR8) exhibiting the envelope glycoproteins from non-pathogenic avian viruses, A/Turkey/Wisconsin/68 (A/H5N9) and A/Rhea/New Caledonia/39482/93 (A/H7N1) and the internal protei...