Hoverflies (Syrphidae) are a large Dipteran family, distributed almost worldwide. They play very important ecological roles such as plant pollination, nutrient recycling and predation of pests. The members the genus Epistrophe Walker, 1852 medium-sized hoverflies which about 75 species have been described in World, 12 them occur Europe. During survey, conducted from 16th June to 4th July 2021 a...

Global declines of insect pollinators jeopardize the delivery of pollination services in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. The importance of infectious diseases has been documented in honeybees, but there is little information on the extent to which these diseases are shared with other pollinator orders. Here, we establish for the first time the presence of three important bee viruses i...

To cope with pathogen and insect attacks, plants develop different mechanisms of defence, in both direct (physical and chemical) and indirect ways (attractive volatiles to entomophagous beneficials). Plants are then able to express traits that facilitate “top-down” control of pests by attracting herbivore predators. Here we investigate the indirect defence mechanism of potato plants by analyzin...

The genus Spilomyia Meigen, 1803 along with manicata (Rondani, 1865) are recorded for the first time from Swat valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. diagnostic characters photographs and distribution map this rarely known species Pakistan its neighboring countries provided.