The concept of process intensification is applied to a CSTR polymerisation reactor, where bulk reactions take place via styrene free-radicals, connected to a semi-flooded horizontal condenser; the aim is to operate the system in a safe and efficient way. The results obtained show that the model developed was able to reproduce the major dynamic characteristics, even with the presence of non-cond...

A continuous acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment process and system to produce cellulosic ethanol was developed at the pilot-scale. The effects of the following parameters on the pretreatment efficiency of rice straw feedstocks were investigated: the acid concentration, the reaction temperature, the residence time, the feedstock size, the explosion pressure and the screw speed. The opti...

Original scientific paper The presented paper deals with the analysis of turbulent burning and with transport of energy and momentum. The article specificity lies in the fact that these processes are analysed in the horizontal furnace in which the screw reactor is placed. This reactor processes organic raw materials continually and thermally. Volume input of the raw materials is about 60 kg per...

BACKGROUND Pretreatment is a critical step in the biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals. Due to the complexity of the physicochemical transformations involved, predictively scaling up technology from bench- to pilot-scale is difficult. This study examines how pretreatment effectiveness under nominally similar reaction conditions is influenced by pretreatment r...

This report summarizes work to examine interstage heating and cooling options for multiple reheat helium Brayton cycle power conversion system (PCS) designs. Previous work has demonstrated that thermal powers in the range of 2400 MWt can be readily derived from combining multiple single-expansion units derived from the 600-MWt, vertical shaft gas-turbine module helium reactor (GT-MHR). This PCS...

1) Hydraulic Analysis of the Emergency Core Spray System in a BWR The emergency spray system of a BWR delivers cold water to the core after a large-break loss of coolant accident has emptied the reactor vessel. The system comprises a large water pool, a pump, a spray nozzle and connecting pipes (Figure 1). All pipes are smooth round tubes made of stainless steel with 10 cm internal diameter. Th...