Orchestration of computer-aided music composition aims to approximate musical expression using vertical instrument sound combinations, i.e. through finding appropriate sets of instruments to replicate synthesized sound samples. In this work, we focus on horizontal orchestration replication, i.e. the potential of replicating the instantaneous intensity variation of a number of instruments that c...

Although horizontal gene transfer is well documented in microbial genomes, no case has been reported in higher plants. We discovered horizontal transfer of the mitochondrial nad1 intron 2 and adjacent exons b and c from an asterid to Gnetum (Gnetales, gymnosperms). Gnetum has two copies of intron 2, a group II intron, that differ in their exons, nucleotide composition, domain lengths, and struc...

Information processing in the retina starts at the first synaptic layer, where photoreceptors and second-order neurons exhibit a complex architecture of glutamatergic and electrical synapses. To investigate the composition of this highly organized synaptic network, we determined the spatial relationship of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) with different connexins (Cx) and glutamate receptor (GluR) sub...

• Consists of descriptions of: – components, connectors, rationale/constraints, ... • Shows high-level structure – Composition and decomposition, horizontal layers and vertical slices • Reflects major design decisions – Rationale for why one approach taken, what impact it has • Promotes shared mental model among developers and other stakeholders – Shows how functional and non-functional require...

This paper discusses an approach to software architecture based on concepts from parameter-ized programming, particularly its language of \mod-ule expressions." A module expression describes the architecture of a system as an interconnection of component modules, and executing the expression actually builds the system. Language features include: modules parameterized by theories, which declare ...

For a given (fixed) category, we consider the category of all 2-cell structures (over it) and study some naturality properties. A category with a 2-cell structure is a sesquicategory; we use additive notation for the vertical composition of 2-cells; instead of a law for horizontal composition we consider a relation saying which pairs of 2-cells can be horizontally composed; for a 2-cell structu...

This paper presents the formal specification and verification of a communication protocol between a ground station and a remotely operated aircraft. The protocol can be seen as the vertical composition of protocol layers, where each layer performs input and output message processing, and the horizontal composition of different processes concurrently inhabiting the same layer, where each process...

Retrenchment is a flexible model evolution formalism that arose as a reaction to the limitations imposed by refinement, and for which the proof obligations feature additional predicates for accommodating design data. Composition mechanisms for retrenchment are studied. Vertical, horizontal, dataflow, parallel and fusion compositions are described. Of particular note are the means by which the a...

—With limited resources for habitat conservation, the accurate identification of high-value avian habitat is crucial. Habitat structure affects avian biodiversity but is difficult to quantify over broad extents. Our goal was to identify which measures of vertical and horizontal habitat structure are most strongly related to patterns of avian biodiversity across the conterminous United States an...