2 Headspace sampling for gas chromatographic (GC) analysis has many advantages, the most important of which is the elimination of many interferences from the sample matrix. In addition to the standard methods for headspace sampling, the technique of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has found wide acceptance because it is simple and inexpensive. More recently, single-drop microextraction (SDME...

For the first time, a novel and efficient ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted in-situ solvent formation microextraction (IL-UA-ISFME) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) has been successfully developed for the determination of duloxetine (DLX) in human plasma. Herein, an environmentally-friendly hydrophobic ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidaz...

a simple, inexpensive and efficient method was used for extraction and determination of fexofenadine and levocetirizine with three–phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. several parameters influencing the extraction recoveries such as the nature of organic extraction solvent, ph of donor and acceptor phases, stirring rate, extraction time and...

a simple and rapid microextraction procedure based on the application of magnetic nanoparticles and hydrophobic 1-hexylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate [hpy][pf6] ionic liquid (il) was applied to trace determination of gatifloxacin. a mixture of [hpy][pf6] and magnetic nanoparticles was injected into the sample solution containing the analyse of interest and a cloudy solution was formed. after ce...

the applicability of hollow fiber-based liquid phase microextraction (hf-lpme) was evaluated for the extraction and preconcentration of loratadine prior to determination by hplc. in order to obtain high extraction recovery, the parameters affecting the hf-lpme including type of organic phase, ph of the source and receiving phases, stirring rate, extraction time and salt addition were studied an...

Solvent extraction remains one of the fundamental sample preparation techniques in the analysis of environmental solid samples, but organic solvents are toxic and environmentally harmful, therefore one of the possible greening directions is its miniaturization. The present review covers the relevant research from the field of application of microextraction to the sample preparation of environme...

abstract polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are classified as persistent and carcinogenic organic pollutants. pahs contamination has been reported in water. many of relevant regulatory bodies such as eu and epa have regulated the limit levels for pahs in drinking water. in this study, 13 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) were determined in tap water samples of tehran and wat...

A new, rapid and sensitive microextraction technique named vortex-assisted liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLLME) is proposed. The complete extraction process involves two steps. First, a vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLME) procedure was used to extract the analytes from a relatively large volume of sample (donor phase) to a small volume of organic solvent (intermedia...