Cadmium (Cd) is taken in plants from soil and then travels through the food cycle, posing a major threat to all units of ecosystem. A pot experiment was conducted understand influence citric acid (CA) on phytoextraction ability hollyhock (Althea rosea Cavan.). A. were exposed Cd concentrations (100 200 mg·kg−1), either simultaneous administration or without adding CA (5 mM·kg−1 dry weight). The...

The beginnings of agriculture in eastern Asia date to Neolithic times, 7000 to 9000 years ago, with rice cultivation about 4000 BCE. Agricultural origins in the Indus valley occur about the same time. In North China and Manchuria, a civilization was established about 2000 BCE and by the Zhou dynasty, 1000 BCE, there is evidence of canals and extensive irrigation. The writings of Confucius (551–...