Hemophagocytic lymphohystiocytosis (HLH) represents a severe hyperinflammatory condition with the cardinal symptoms prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and cytopenias. The most prominent histopathological feature of HLH is an accumulation of activated T lymphocytes and macrophages predominantly in lymphoid tissues. Although it can occur in all age groups, neonatal-onset HLH is very rare. We re...

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and often deadly syndrome characterized by severe inflammation and cytokine dysregulation. The disease is defined by the HLH-2004 criteria, requiring five of eight findings, and is further differentiated into either primary or secondary causes. Primary HLH tends to be of genetic etiology, while secondary HLH results from other insults such as i...

We examined high-level help (HLH) seeking behaviour of students by data mining in SQL-Tutor. Students who used HLH very frequently had the lowest learning rate; their learning was also shallow. They attempted very difficult problems compared to other groups but only solved very easy problems, suggesting that they were usually situated well beyond their Zone of Proximal Development. They also ab...

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a high-fatality disease caused by hereditary or acquired immune dysfunction, and characterized pathological inflammatory response. Primary HLH (pHLH) has genetic defects, secondary (sHLH) variety of underlying diseases. Here, we report the case patient with aggressive natural killer cell leukemia HLH-related gene defects who achieved long-term surviva...

Abstract Background Our goal was to study the demographic, clinical and laboratory profile outcome of scrub typhus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in pediatric age group. Methods We conducted a prospective observational tertiary care teaching hospital over period 1 year. Children group month 12 years with IgM ELISA positive for typhus were included study. HLH diagnosed using...

The study aimed to investigate the clinical features and prognoses of patients with tuberculosis (TB) who had secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).Patients first presenting with fever of unknown origin, who were ultimately diagnosed with TB-associated secondary HLH, were assessed retrospectively. We summarized and analyzed clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, diagnose...

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening immunological disorder that is characterized by systemic inflammation, widespread organ damage, and hypercytokinemia. Primary HLH is caused by mutations in granule-mediated cytotoxicity, whereas secondary HLH occurs, without a known genetic background, in a context of infections, malignancies, or autoimmune and autoinflammatory diso...

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory clinical syndrome of uncontrolled immune response which results in hypercytokinemia due to underlying primary or secondary immune defect. A number of genetic defects in transport, processing and function of cytotoxic granules which result in defective granule exocytosis and cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (...

Introduction/Objective Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe hyperinflammatory condition characterized by fever, splenomegaly, and cytopenias. Diagnosis of HLH requires at least five the eight criteria set Histiocyte Society poses significant challenge to physicians. HLH-2004 include measurement plasma levels soluble receptor for interleukin-2 (sIL-2R), an invaluable tool in diag...

BACKGROUND Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare hematological disease characterized by an excessive inflammatory response to various triggers, resulting in rapid multi-organ failure. Its incidence may be underestimated due to its rarity, its variable clinical presentation, and its high mortality rate prior to diagnosis. Oftentimes, HLH is mistaken for refractory sepsis and imprope...