Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is encoded by a small family of genes in Arabidopsis. We cloned and partially characterized one of these genes, PAL1. The deduced amino acid sequence is highly similar to PAL from bean, parsley, and rice. The promoter contains sequence elements homologous to two putative regulatory elements conserved among several phenylpropanoid genes. The regulation of the PA...

l-Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity is low in the external layers (flavedo) of intact mature grapefruit peel. Flavedo discs evince upon incubation increasing PAL activity and ethylene production. Light has no effect in enhancing PAL activity in discs. Exogenous ethylene stimulates PAL activity in the flavedo of intact mature grapefruits (half maximum stimulation at 15 ppm); such activi...

Enzyme substitution therapy with the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) is a new approach to the treatment of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). This enzyme is responsible for the conversion of phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid. We assessed the PAL enzyme of the endemic plant Cyathobasis fruticulosa (Bunge) Aellen. for its possible role in the dietary treatment of PKU. The enzyme was found ...

Anthocyanin content and the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and their relationships were determined in the leaves of six lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars, exposed for 6 weeks to alternating three different day/night temperatures. Anthocyanin content was found to be highest at 20/13°C, followed by 25/20°C and 30/25°C, showing ac...

Due to high water content and perishability, the raspberry fruit is sensitive postharvest fungal contamination losses. In this study, chitosan was used as an edible coating increase storage of raspberries, nanotechnology efficiency. The treated with emulsion containing nanoparticles (ECNPC) at 0, 2.5, 5 g L?1, stored for 9 d. Decay extension rate, phytochemical contents, including total phenoli...

Wounding lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., var. Longifolia) leaves induced an eight-fold increase in the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5), and the subsequent accumulation of phenolic compounds and tissue browning at 10 C. PAL is a key enzyme in the synthesis of phenolic compounds. A PAL cDNA was previously isolated by reverse-transcription PCR using total RNA from wounded let...

A cDNA clone coding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) was isolated from a cDNA library prepared from asparagus spears (Asparagus officinalis L. cv. Welcome) using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The partial cDNA clone encoded an mRNA of 527 bp and the derived amino acid sequence was found highly homologous to PAL from rice, maize and barley. Northern blot analysis ...

increased salinity stress because of rising temperature as a result of global warming. High salinity enhances plants photorespiration and affects its physiology, but Salicornia europaea L. in Urmia Lake has adapted to grow, propagate and occupy increasingly exposed saline habitats. Plant and soil samples were collected in triplicate plots from different sites of retreated beds of Urmia Lake in ...