In this lecture we will get to know several techniques that can be grouped by the general definition of sketching. When using the sketching technique each element is replaced by a more compact representation of itself. An alternative algorithm is run on the more compact representations. Finally, one has to show that this algorithm gives the same result as the original algorithm with high probab...

Absolute salinity measurement of seawater has become a key issue in thermodynamic models of the oceans. One of the most direct ways is to measure the seawater refractive index which is related to density and can therefore be related to the absolute salinity. Recent advances in high resolution position sensitive devices enable us to take advantage of small beam deviation measurements using refra...

The neutron powder diffractometer NPD at the Manuel Lujan Neutron Scattering Center (MLNSC) at Los Alamos National Laboratory is the neutron powder diffractometer with the highest resolution in the United States. We are currently upgrading NPD by adding a large number of position-sensitive detectors in the backscattering position. The upgraded instrument will make it possible to collect data fr...

Suppose that an analyst observes inconsistent choices from a decision maker. Can the analyst determine whether this inconsistency arises from choice error (imperfect maximization of a single preference) or from preference heterogeneity (deliberate maximization of multiple preferences)? I model choice data as generated from context-dependent preferences, where contexts vary across observations, ...

A statistical parametric speech synthesis system based on hidden Markov models (HMMs) has grown in popularity over the last few years. This system simultaneouslymodels spectrum, excitation, and duration of speech using context-dependent HMMs and generatesspeechwaveforms from the HMMs themselves. Since December 2002, we have publicly released an open-source software toolkit named HMM-based speec...

The main challenge in an effort to build a realistic system with context-sensitive inference capabilities, beyond accuracy, is scalability. This paper studies this problem in the context of a learning-based approach to context sensitive text correction – the task of fixing spelling errors that result in valid words, such as substituting to for too, casual for causal, and so on. Research papers ...

In this paper we propose an over-arching namespace that serves to abstract away the Internet’s current and obscure naming schemes from users. We argue for users to have personal namespaces that are not concerned with unique naming of resources, but rather focused on aiding user’s interactions with the system. This additional namespace does not replace any of our current (or future) naming syste...

We demonstrate significantly improved magneto-optical trapping of molecules using a very slow cryogenic beam source and either rf modulated or dc magnetic fields. The rf magneto-optical trap (MOT) confines 1.0(3)×10^{5} CaF molecules at a density of 7(3)×10^{6}  cm^{-3}, which is an order of magnitude greater than previous molecular MOTs. Near Doppler-limited temperatures of 340(20)  μK are att...