Thirteen of 21 nestling bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) examined for blood parasites in Michigan and Minnesota (USA) during June and July 1997 had patent infections of Leucocytozoon toddi. No other parasites were seen. The degree of parasitemia was light and varied from 1 to 2 on the Ashford Scale. Several of the infected nestlings appeared to have elevated levels of heterophils in their...

Lactoferrin has been identified in rabbit heterophil leukocytes on the basis of its immunological reactivity, electrophoretic mobility, acid-resistant iron-binding properties, and spectral characteristics. Leukocyte lactoferrin was found to be exclusively localized in the specific (secondary) granules, which have been resolved from other subcellular components by zonal differential centrifugati...

Heterophil chemotaxis, in response to chemotactic factors generated by three different strains of staphylococcal bacteria, was measured using the modified Boyden-chamber technique. Heterophils were obtained from healthy 6-to-8-week-old broiler chickens. Each bacterial strain generated factors that were chemotactic for chicken heterophils. Factors generated by two pathogenic isolates of Staphylo...

The effects of the male to female mating ratio on the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio and duration of tonic immobility (indicators of stress and fearfulness, respectively) were analyzed in two different experiments with different group sizes. In Experiment 1, four different mating ratios (1:11, 1:5, 1:3, and 1:1) and 10 different Spanish breeds of chickens were used; each breeding pen had 12 bir...

Chickens were subjected to the sound produced by banging on a metal pail (104 decibels) for 30 seconds. Heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratios began to rise 18 hours later, reaching their maximum value (0.62) in 20 hours and returning to pre-stress values after 30 hours. Neither resistance to Escherichia coli challenge infection nor antibody response were altered.

For many years, the Paul-Bunnell reaction (Paul and Bunnell, 1932) to demonstrate the presence of heterophile antibodies to sheep red cells has been accepted as a specific test for establishing the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. Stuart (1935), Bailey and Raffel (1935), and Davidsohn and Walker (1935) independently differentiated the antibodies for Forssman antigen and those of serum sic...

Commercial quail farming is economically viable and feasible because quails are resistant tovarious diseases. But despite this reported resistance, little known about its resistance tohaemoparasites. This study evaluates the haematological changes haemoparasiticinfection of commercially raised quails. Fifty-seven adult on deep litter wererandomly selected for blood sampling in study. Two millil...

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effect of a lighting stress on the fluctuating asymmetry (FA), the heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and the tonic immobility duration of chickens. The experiment (440 birds) measured the FA of several traits (outer, middle, inner, and hind toe lengths and leg, wing, second primary feather, and spur lengths), the heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, ...

Several studies carried out on humans and other mammals show that the temporal organisation of haematological parameters in the blood exhibit daily rhythms; however, such studies have been rare in poultry reared under a natural photoperiod. The present study investigated the occurrence of daily rhythms in blood parameters of broiler chickens kept under tropical climatic conditions. Ten 6–7-week...

Evolutionary ecologists have long been interested by the link between different immune defenses and fitness. Given the importance of a proper immune defense for survival, it is important to understand how its numerous components are affected by environmental heterogeneity. Previous studies targeting this question have rarely considered more than two immune markers. In this study, we measured se...