Background: Pharmaceuticals have arisen as emerging environmental pollutants due to their potential impact on humans, animals and microorganisms even at low concentrations. Conventional wastewater treatment plants are known to be ineffective for removal of many pharmaceuticals present in wastewater. Advanced oxidation processes are one of the most promising treatment technologies for degradatio...

Grafting of vinyl monomers onto cellulose is an important tool for the modification of cellulose. Depending on the monomer grafted onto cellulose, it gains new properties. The grafting can be performed in heterogeneous or homogeneous medium. In the grafting performed in heterogeneous medium, the reaction is carried out in aqueous medium using a suitable initiator. As initiator, the radiation or...

Microfluidic-based heterogeneous immunoassays are reviewed in this article by first introducing the principle of immunoassay, followed by a discussion of microfluidic-based technology. Microfabrication, surface modification, solution dispensing and detection technology are discussed and their applications to biomolecular detection reviewed. In the future, improved manufacturing processes and in...

A Pd-based heterogeneous catalyst (Pd(II)-MCM-41) derived from post-synthesis modification of mesoporous silica, MCM-41, has been successfully employed in catalytic Stille and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions. The catalyst affords good yields in all cross-coupling reactions. Notably, the catalyst is capable of activating less reactive chlorobenzene with moderate yield in both the coupling r...

Abstract

the presence of an imidazole ring in natural products and pharmacologically active compounds has instituted a diverse array of synthetic approaches to these heterocycles. very recently, we among many others have demonstrated that heterogeneous reagent systems have many advantages such as simple experimental procedures, mild reaction conditions and minimization of chemical wastes as compared to ...