In this paper, fuzzy logic control of a fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) is proposed. Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process is a unit that converts heavy distillates like gas oil or residues to gasoline and middle distillates using cracking catalyst. About 45% of worldwide gasoline production comes from FCC processes and its ancillary units. Since a typical FCC unit can process a large amo...

The main objective of this work is analyzing whether it is possible to develop an empirical correlation for in-line estimation of the sulfur and nitrogen contents of the middle distillates Hydrotreating (HDT) products for control purposes. Correlations are based only on readily available in-line information of specific gravity variation between feedstock and products, without considering any pi...

The effects of a Micelle Encapsulator Fire Suppression Agent (F-500, Hazard Control Technologies Inc., Fayetteville, Georgia) on the routine analysis of fire debris samples by Gas Chromatography (GC) were studied. When mixed with water the product can be used in the suppression of Class A and Class B fires. Laboratory tests were performed to determine whether or not the product has any effect o...

The complex microbiota of pit mud of solid-state fermentation reactors used for the production of Chinese liquor is responsible for producing one of the oldest distillates in the world. We apply a deep-sequencing approach to characterize the microbiota from pits that have been in use for up to 440 years.

Comparison of Quality Evaluation of Agricultural Distillates Using Prototype of Electronic Nose and Fast/Flash GC Tomasz Dymerski*, Jacek Gębicki, Jacek Namieśnik Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland. Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology...

1 Multiple factors are known to influence tree seedling establishment, yet the degree to which these factors depend on each other and on spatial context is largely unknown. We examined the influence of herbaceous competition and water and nitrogen limitations on tree seedling establishment as functions of distance from trees (within-site spatial context) and site history (between-site spatial c...

1. Globally, both climatic patterns and nitrogen deposition rates show directional changes over time. It is uncertain how woody seedlings, which coexist with herbaceous plants in savannas, respond to concurrent changes in water and nutrient availability. 2. We investigated competition effects between herbaceous vegetation and tree seedlings ( Colophospermum mopane ) under changed water and nutr...

Narrow temperature range distillates from biologically active solvent refined coal-l and -II heavy-end coal liquids were fraction ated according to chemical class and assayed for initiation of skin carcinogenesis in CD-1 mice. In addition, instrumental chem ical analyses were performed on the distillates and their chemical fractions. Results showed that initiation activity in these complex fuel...