The defective acute leukemia viruses avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) and E26 virus each contain an inserted cellular sequence related to the same highly conserved cellular gene, proto-amv. The oncogenes of these two retroviruses differ from this cellular proto-oncogene in gene structure, transcript structure, and gene product. The product of the AMV oncogene (myb) is a 48,000 Mr protein, p48my...

Vav family members function as remarkable scaffold proteins that exhibit both GDP/GTP exchange activity for Rho/Rac GTPases and numerous protein-protein interactions via three adaptor Src-homology domains. The exchange activity is under the unique regulation by phosphorylation of tyrosine residues hidden by intra-molecular interactions. Deletion of the autoinhibitory N-terminal region results i...

In this issue of Clinical Cancer Research, Buzdar et al. (1) report on the success of trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the proto-oncogene HER2 (c-erbB2, HER-2/ neu), when administered with 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) and paclitaxel chemotherapy, with high pathologic complete remission rates. These results are consistent with recent data presented b...

The overexpression of HER-2/neu proto-oncogene has been found in a variety of human cancers. In particular, the amplification and overexpression of HER-2/neu gene were found in 20-30% of breast and ovarian cancer patients with a decreased survival and an increased relapse rates. To target the breast cancer cells overexpressing HER-2/neu mRNA, a novel approach is described that combines the anti...

In cancer cells, genetic alterations can activate proto-oncogenes, thereby contributing to tumorigenesis. However, the protein products of oncogenes are sometimes overexpressed without alteration of the proto-oncogene. Helping to explain this phenomenon, we found that when compared to similarly proliferating nontransformed cell lines, cancer cell lines often expressed substantial amounts of mRN...

BACKGROUND HER-2/neu is a proto-oncogene that encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase growth factor which is crucial for stimulating growth and cellular motility. Overexpression of HER-2/neu is observed in 10-35% of human breast cancers and is associated with pathogenesis, prognosis as well as response to therapy. Given the imperative role of HER-2/neu overexpression in breast cancer, it is imp...

Introduction: The advances in thyroid molecular biology studies provide not only insight into thyroid diseases but accurate diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Objective: Design a tutorial on protein molecular modeling of genetic markers for thyroid cancer. Methods: The proteins were selected using the Protein Data Bank sequence and the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) algorithm. The obtained...

tized. The hybridization signal of the radiolabeled probe appears as white grains. All specimens were observed under dark field illumination after nuclear counterstain with hematoxylin. Immunostaining for factor Vill-related antigen (4) confirmed that injury was limited to endothelium. 23. Binding was carred out in buffer containing 50 mM NaCI, 5 mM MgCI2, 5% glycerol, 2.5 mM Hepes (pH 7.9), 1 ...