We determined the effect of hemodilution and hypertension on cerebral hemorrhage and brain injury in 32 rats subjected to 180 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion and 120 minutes of reperfusion. We divided the rats into four groups. In the control group (n = 8) neither hematocrit nor blood pressure was manipulated during occlusion, in the hemodilution group (n = 8) 5% albumin was adminis...

BACKGROUND The identification of anaerobic metabolism in critically ill patients is a challenging task. Observational studies have suggested that the ratio of venoarterial PCO2 (Pv-aCO2) to arteriovenous oxygen content difference (Ca-vO2) might be a good surrogate for respiratory quotient (RQ). Yet Pv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 might be increased by other factors, regardless of anaerobic metabolism. At presen...

BACKGROUND The flaps used in reconstructive surgery are prone to ischemia and hypoxia, which imply a considerable risk of wound-healing complications. During normovolemic hemodilution, the oxygenation may further deteriorate because of the lack of erythrocytes or improve because of increased microcirculatory blood flow. The aim of this study was to investigate the net effect of normovolemic hem...

Hemodilution by the combination of venesection and dextran 40 administration has previously been reported to enhance neurologic recovery in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. To study this therapeutic principle in its "natural habitat," a stratified and randomized multicenter trial involving 15 large and small hospitals was performed. Patients with acute ischemic stroke of <48 hours' duration ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hemodilution is known to increase cerebral blood flow, but it is not known whether the increase in flow is a direct result of a decrease in viscosity or whether it may be due to compensatory vasodilatation in response to the decrease in oxygen carrying capacity that results from hemodilution. This study is designed to investigate this question. METHODS Changes in region...

The present study was designed to determine the effects of hemodilution with gelatine (GEL) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on hematocrit, blood viscosity, systemic hemodynamics, and central retinal arterial blood flow in anaesthetized pigs. 20 pigs were studied. Hypervolemic hemodilution was induced by 30 ml kg-1h-1 GEL (n=10) or HES (n=10) infused over 30 min. The hematocrit decreased comparabl...

Fluid resuscitation after massive hemorrhage in major surgery and trauma may result in extensive hemodilution and coagulopathy, which is of a multifactorial nature. Although coagulopathy is often perceived as hemorrhagic, extensive hemodilution affects procoagulants as well as anticoagulant, profibrinolytic, and antifibrinolytic elements, leading to a complex coagulation disorder. Reduced throm...

groups after the induction of either hemodilution or hypoxic hypoxia. Although it would be inappropriate to interpolate results obtained under normal conditions to those that may be applicable under ischemic conditions, we must agree that the magnitude of hypoxic insult caused by hemodilution or hypoxia may be different between the two groups. However, this does not imply that the blood flow au...

BACKGROUND Preoperative acute normovolemic hemodilution may compromise oxygen transport. The aims of our study were to describe the hemodynamic effects of normovolemic hemodilution and to determine its effect on systolic and diastolic cardiac function by multiplane transesophageal echocardiography. METHODS In eight anesthetized patients (aged 13-51 yr) without heart disease, hemoglobin was re...