In this paper we revisit the influential theory of monopolistic competition and optimum product variety as developed by Dixit Stiglitz (1977) with applications in international trade Krugman (1979,1980), modeling fixed variable costs production terms underlying use skilled unskilled labor a single good model. This is different from earlier work on multi sector variant cum Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuel...

This paper proposes a general empirical framework to estimate the protection-for-sale model, where the protection regime shifts according to a sector’s market structure (perfectly or monopolistically competitive). We base the protection structure on Grossman and Helpman (1994) for the subset of perfectly competitive sectors and on Chang (2005) for the subset of monopolistically competitive sect...

In the present paper, we study some properties of fuzzy norm of linear operators. At first the bounded inverse theorem on fuzzy normed linear spaces is investigated. Then, we prove Hahn Banach theorem, uniform boundedness theorem and closed graph theorem on fuzzy normed linear spaces. Finally the set of all compact operators on these spaces is studied.

We extend the protection for sale framework by modelling non tariff barriers. Explicitly introducing partial rent capturing leads to a testable specification that bridges the gap between the theoretical Grossman and Helpman (1994) model and its empirical implementation, where coverage ratios have been used to measure protection. Our econometric analysis supports the augmented specification and ...

A possible alternative to the Solow-Swan model is some variant of a model of endogenous growth either in the form of the AK model developed by Romer (1986), Lucas (1988) and Rebelo (1991) or in the subsequent group of models by Romer (1990), Grossman and Helpman (1991a, b), and Aghion and Howitt (1992) that focus more explicitly on the determinants of technological change. In this article we st...

In the literature of new trade theory, most studies have dealt with industrial location by imposing an assumption of free transportation in the agricultural sector. We explicitly incorporate arbitrary transport costs in both the manufacturing and agricultural sectors into the Helpman-Krugman-Davis model of two countries and one production factor. The following results are obtained. First, we fi...

☆ Much of this paper was written while Davis wa employed by, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The are those of the authors and do not necessarily refle Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve Syste Elhanan Helpman and Oleg Itskhoki for very helpful co this paper, and to seminar participants at Columbia, For and the NBER. ⁎ Corresponding author at: Department of Economi York, NY 100...

Using recent data on propensity-score matched firms from the U.K manufacturing industry, the paper uncovers evidence that acquisition FDI is an important channel of direct technology transfer from foreign multinationals to domestic exporters. This is consistent with the recently developed theory by Helpman, Melitz and Yeaple (2002) which, because of sunk costs, predicts firms engaged in FDI act...

Multinational …rms face two questions in deciding whether or not to outsource a stage of production. First, where should production be located? Second, who should own or control the productive assets? In this paper, we test two theories of these outsourcing decisions and we focus on the predictions for the ownership/control decision. We adapt the Antras and Helpman (2004) property rights and Gr...

convexity theory and duality theory are important issues in math- ematical programming. within the framework of credibility theory, this paper rst introduces the concept of convex fuzzy variables and some basic criteria. furthermore, a convexity theorem for fuzzy chance constrained programming is proved by adding some convexity conditions on the objective and constraint functions. finally,...