––Based on technology and economy, a design of explosion-proof heater of bunched pipeline is mentioned in this paper to solute the problems of the present heater which is used to heat crude oil in winter. The structure and working principle of this new heater are introduced. And the function of the new heater’s swirl plate is described, before the heater power of the new heater is analyzed. The...

One of the key components of a chemical gas sensor is a MEMS micro-heater. Micro-heaters are used in both semiconductor gas sensors and NDIR gas sensors; however they each require different heat dissipation characteristics. For the semiconductor gas sensors, a uniform temperature is required over a wide area of the heater. On the other hand, for the NDIR gas sensor, the micro-heater needs high ...

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common medical emergency which carries hospital mortality in excess of 10%. The most important causes are peptic ulcer and varices. Varices are treated by endoscopic band ligation or injection sclerotherapy and management of the underlying liver disease. Ulcers with major stigmata are treated by injection with dilute adrenaline, thrombin, or fibrin glu...

Most studies of the mean-free path accumulation function (MFPAF) rely on optical techniques to probe heat transfer at length scales on the order of the phonon mean-free path. In this paper, we propose and implement a purely electrical probe of the MFPAF that relies on photo-lithographically defined heater-thermometer separation to set the length scale. An important advantage of the proposed tec...

This paper reports quantitative topographical measurements using a heated atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever probe. The study compares opographies measured by the cantilever thermal signal to topographies measured by the laser-deflection signal of an AFM system. The experiment sed 20 and 100 nm tall Si gratings as topographical test samples. The cantilever heater temperature ranged from 1...

The 3ω method for measurement of thermal conductivity of a solid usually consists of a strip heater above a substrate, and the method is based on an approximate solution of the heat conduction problem in which the heater thickness is neglected. We establish a two-dimensional heat conduction model for the heater-on-substrate 3ω method which takes into account the finite thickness of the heater. ...

The study is of the antinociceptive effects of tramadol on the thermal threshold response in eight cats using a thermal threshold-testing device which contained a heater element and a temperature sensor placed on the shaved lateral thoracic area. Each cat randomly received an intramuscular administration of tramadol 2 mg/kg, morphine 0.2 mg/kg and saline 0.04 ml/kg (placebo) at a weekly interva...

This paper describes an investigation of microfluidic actuation of doublet patterns in samples of water on blank substrates, using singular and arrayed microfabricated thermal probes. A doublet is a twodimensional flowpattern consistingof adjacent, opposing vorticeswith linear streamlines between them. In thiswork, each probe consists of a polyimide thin film cantileverwith ametal heater near t...

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common medical emergency which carries hospital mortality in excess of 10%. The most important causes are peptic ulcer and varices. Varices are treated by endoscopic band ligation or injection sclerotherapy and management of the underlying liver disease. Ulcers with major stigmata are treated by injection with dilute adrenaline, thrombin, or fibrin glu...