BACKGROUND One technique in radiofrequency neurotomies uses 2 electrodes that are simultaneously placed to lie parallel to one another. Comparing lesions on cadaveric interspinous ligament tissue and measuring the temperature change in egg white allows us to accurately measure quantitatively the area of the lesion. METHODS Fresh cadaver spinal tissue and egg white tissue were used. A series o...

Monitoring the condition of electrolytic capacitors in practical applications is a topic that has been and remains subject much research. This article part research this area. It develops parameter observer (PO) proposes its use for determination equivalent capacity serial resistance capacitors. The an integral-open-loop type second-order system, input which voltage at capacitor terminals measu...

Thermal conduction across a magnetic field is strongly suppressed compared with conduction along the field. However, if a flare is heated by a highly filamented beam directed along the field, then the array of heated cells in a cross-section of the flare will result in both small spatial scales (with consequently large temperature gradients) and a large surface area for the heated volume, provi...

The 70SiO2-15TiO2-15ZrO2 membrane was prepared by a sol-gel procedure. The corrosion behavior of microporous toplayers along with the membrane characterization in terms of pore size, surface area, pore volume and weight loss is described. The final ceramic membrane with a thickness of 400 nm and uniform surface was obtained. This membrane confirmed the fine microporous characteristic with mean ...

It is common nursing practice to apply warm soaks to an area where extravasation of intravenous (IV) fluid has occurred. Here we report an adverse outcome due to the use of a microwave-heated, commercially available hot-cold cryogel pack to treat an extravasation of IV fluid in a patient.