1.1 This test method covers the measurement of steady state thermal transmission through flat slab specimens using a heat flow meter apparatus. 1.2 The heat flow meter apparatus is used widely because it is relatively simple in concept, rapid, and applicable to a wide range of test specimens. The precision and bias of the heat flow meter apparatus can be excellent provided calibration is carrie...

Properties, such as specific heat, viscosity, and thermal conductivity, are important thermophysical properties in any heat transfer study. Today, these properties are known for numerous fluids, however, there are still many fluids which have not been measured, especially those under the classification of refrigerant mixtures. This paper proposes a new approach for simultaneously measuring thes...

heat stress is an effective factor on immune responses, body weight, egg production and egg quality of chickens. the major effect of heat stress is due to decreased food intake and alteration in acid-base balance. during the recent years, efforts to improve laying performance at high temperatures have been relatively successful. supplementation of the diet or drinking water with special nutrien...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of thermal and electrical tests to register pulp vitality. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value were calculated by comparing the test results with a "gold standard". The thermal tests studied were a cold test (ethyl chloride) and a heat test (hot gutta-percha). For the electrical test, the Anal...